(2020, August 28). Examples An example of Interlingual Translation would be the Bible. Taking China as an example, the intralingual translation was used for the construction of modern vernacular. Old and complex expressions are replaced by simpler contemporary ones. The most classic example of interlingual translation is "The cat is on the table" - "Il gatto sul tavolo". However, my aim was not to describe intralingual translation . In Denmark, and presumably in many other countries, there is an ever-increasing demand that expert knowledge be made accessible to the general public. Intralingual translation - translation within the same language, which can involve rewording or paraphrase; Interlingual translation - translation from one language to another, and Intersemiotic translation - translation of the verbal sign by a non-verbal sign, for example, music or image. The omissions, additions, restructuring, etc. Even though translation scholars mention and acknowledge Jakobsons other kinds of translation these are often classified as peripheral or de facto considered of no real relevance to the discipline of translation studies. .." (Lawrence Venuti, The Translator's Invisibility: A History of Translation. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. Gutt (1991/2000: 394-396) mentions the fact that not all translation scholars would feel comfortable with a broader definition which would allow summaries and elaborated versions, per example, to qualify as translation. Meaning of intralingual. on the map of translation studies and encourage future empirical research the aim of the present article is to take a closer look at intralingual translation in order to describe this kind of translation and the strategies involved and to compare it with translation proper. Eva Hung ( later revised Eileen Changs translation with an introduction and had it published by Columbia University Press. This relationship can take many forms and by no means rests on the concept of equivalence, but rather on the skopos of the target text. London and Cambridge: The MIT Press. With the ulterior motive of putting intralingual translation (back?) (PDF) INTRALINGUAL TRANSLATION AS A MEANS OF INTERGENERATIONAL COMMUNICATION: A LINGUISTIC APPROACH INTRALINGUAL TRANSLATION AS A MEANS OF INTERGENERATIONAL COMMUNICATION: A LINGUISTIC. The novel, completed at the end of the 19th century, was a book of legendary, which inquiries into the moral and psychological consequences of desire. for at lade sig indskrive tillige med Maria, sin trolovede, som var frugtsommelig. The most interesting findings of the analyses and of the comparison with interlingual translation is firstly the strong tendency of intralingual translation to involve a form of simplification a strategy which is not so often applied as the overall skopos of a translation proper. Chesterman (2018, this issue) notes that 'whether we lump interlingual and intralingual translation together into a single category, or propose a split into two categories, depends entirely on the purpose (s) we envisage for such a categorization'. Here the source text can be described in words and then 'translated' into an image or visual narrative that may release a similar message as the original words while also creating new meanings and associations. We encounter it everyday, when we speak to our children and explain simple words (e.g. We have seen that descriptions of translation claim that meaning can be carried across between languages, however dressed up or repackaged it is, and we have begun to question the assumption that meaning remains unchanged during this process. To Steiner, translation proper is seen as a heightened case of the process of communication and reception, but he also claims that the linguistic problems implicit in interlingual translation are already implicit in all intralingual discourse (Steiner 1975: 260-261, 414) a view reflected by Even-Zohar in 1990 when discussing the mechanism of transfer (see also Weissbrod 2004: 24; Shuttleworth 1997: 88). technical writing, or desktop publishing? and whether this means that we would have to redefine the very notion of translation. The parameter of knowledge often involves interpretation (explicitation, explanation, addition) of information which may be objective (It can be very cold outside in the winter in Judaea []) or subjective (the political/feminist comments of the 1973 family Bible). Early in this small childrens version we are also told that Joseph and Maria tried to find somewhere to stay, but that there was not room in any of the houses (Josef og Maria forsgte at finde et sted, hvor de kunne vaere, men der var ikke plads i et eneste af husene), though the 1948 version does not give this information until the last sentence where we are told that Maria laid her son in a manger because there was no room for them in the inn.. "Translation: Definition and Examples." ThoughtCo, Aug. 28, 2020, thoughtco.com/translation-language-1692560. Within the business world, another example of intercultural intralingual translation would be the phenomenon of localisation. We use cookies to improve your website experience. Syntactical changes making the text more contemporary, 1948 Og fordi Josef var af Davids hus og slaegt, drog ogs han op fra, And because Joseph was of the house and lineage of David, also he went up from [], 1992 Ogs Josef drog op frafordi han var af Davids hus og slaegt, Also Joseph went up from because he was of the house and lineage of David [], 1948 Og det skete, medens de var der, kom tiden, da hun skulle fde, And it happened, while they were there, came the time, when she were to give birth, 1992 Og mens de var dr, kom tiden, da hun skulle fde, And while they were there, came the time, when she were to give birth. Also Schffner points out that translational reality exceeds interlingual translation and she claims that it is increasingly agreed within the academic community of translators that the translators responsibilities go well beyond what was traditionally considered a translation proper (Schffner 1999: 98). To this end, five different versions of the same text have been analysed. However, nothing in the description should be considered necessary or sufficient to define translation. And Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judaea, unto the city of David, which is called Bethlehem; (because he was of the house and lineage of David:). Two features differ significantly from all the other intralingual translations, including the other Bible for children, namely firstly the fact that the structure of the text has been changed radically and does not follow the traditional structure (restructuring of the order of information is also seen in the family Bible from 1973, but in this version for very small children the restructuring is much more radical) and secondly that quite a number of content omissions have been made. The 1992 version is allegedly a new translation from Greek, but as mentioned above the translators do of course consult other modern language versions and in this case have leaned heavily on the 1948 version. It should be emphasized that it is an attempt, at a more detailed general description as there is not much theory or any empirical studies to lean on. Taking China as an example, the intralingual translation was used for the construction of modern vernacular. Localisation is now a huge industry which does of course often involve translation proper, but in many cases localisation also takes place intralingually, the aim being to produce different cultural versions of the same text within the same language. Intersemiotic translation - translation of the verbal sign by a non-verbal sign, for example, music or image. EndNote (version X9.1 and above), Zotero, BIB Even though the empirical study of intralingual translation is meagre, no one can deny that intralingual translation is a widespread phenomenon and that it is easy to find many very different instances of this kind of translation (within expert-layman communication, for instance, they abound). Words are untranslateable because [they] do not exist in a flat, alphabetised dictionary style list, but rather in a richly structured taxonomy of meaning. The parameter of time is of course related to the parameters of culture and knowledge, but in this case it is the diachronic factor which results in the lack of knowledge or cultural understanding; this is the reason for the new authorised version from 1992, for example, and is an important element in the everyday version (even in cases where a reader is able to read and understand the old authorised version from 1948, it will take him less time to process the everyday version). (A picture Bible for very small children.) En thorie, la traductologie nexclut pas la traduction intralinguale, mais, dans les faits, les tudes empiriques ou les essais sur ce thme sont peu courantes. Based on her intralingual translation Eileen Chang later translated this book into English which was unearthed among her papers at the University of Southern California, where she moved to from Shanghai since 1956. It has been used and practiced in the construction of Chinese Baihua (modern vernacular) and promoted Chinas new literary movement in the early 20th century. The only changes are the following: lexical changes consisting of synonymous expressions (all absolute synonyms apart from the diachronic aspect) making the language more contemporary: Old words and expressions replaced by contemporary ones. Scholars have listed a range of situations in which intralingual translation facilitates communication, for example, reformulating a legal document in plain language for a lay readership, new. If we regard translation as a cluster concept, i.e., as an open concept, our requirements for category membership do not take the form of necessary conditions, but family resemblances; sometimes overall similarities, sometimes similarities of detail which overlap and criss-cross (Wittgenstein 1953/1958: section 66-67) in the same way as resemblances between members of a family. FutureLearn uses cookies to enhance your experience of the website. Highly functional translations (which meet skopoi which differ greatly from those of the source texts), localisation, prcis-writing, expert-to-layman communication, etc. Build your knowledge with top universities and organisations. The above constitutes a description of translation which, though not as broad as Steiners all-embracing hermeneutic approach, still sees the phenomenon of translation as much more fundamental to human communication than more traditional translation studies definitions. (Jakobson, Citation1959:233) Thus, translation, together with interlingual translation and inter-semiotic translation, has formed a semiotic system which can interpret all human activities and productions, however noble or humble, static or dynamic. Many of the strategies used to create the different Bible versions are common within translation proper as well this applies to strategies such as omission, objective addition, explicitation, restructuring and paraphrase. There is a huge demand for expert-to-layman translation as most experts find it difficult to write about their field in layman terms. Steiner was particularly interested in intralingual translation which was diachronically motivated: The schematic model of translation is one in which a message from a source-language passes into a receptor-language via a transformational process. The next sections present a closer look at each of the parameters. In China The San Tzu Ching () is an elementary guide to knowledge for children. Learn new skills with a flexible online course, Upskill with a series of specialist courses, Earn professional or academic accreditation, Study flexibly online as you build to a degree. oral to written language (subtitles) or vice versa (audio description) intralingual translation between different registers (e.g. The length is almost the same, namely 88 words. ), but the hypothesis will not be explored further in this article. Practically all information has been transferred, but the order of the information has been changed in quite a few instances and pictures have been added. The Bible as a source text is a complicated matter though because of the interlingual translation which is also involved. It is a difference, but it is perhaps not as monumental as one might think. (see Shuttleworth 1997: 87-88 and Gambier 1992 for more examples as one of the few, Gambier actually writes about intralingual translation, but though interesting, the article is not based on empirical work and does not compare with interlingual translation). Nu elskede Maria en mand, som hed Josef. Vienna:Lademann. English, German, French, Swedish and Norwegian as well as other Danish versions (Jeppesen 1990: 23-24). The examples analysed below also demonstrate that new methods for investigating intersemiotic translation are required: in this case, purpose-built software applications for text, image and video analysis are demonstrated to handle the complexity and multi-level nature of multimodal semiosis. That the definition of certain concepts needs to be open is simply an inherent feature of such concepts; in other words it is not a flaw or deficiency that some concepts cannot be finitely described, neither theoretically nor pragmatically. RIS Definition and Examples in English Grammar, Definition and Examples of Text Linguistics, Ph.D., Rhetoric and English, University of Georgia, M.A., Modern English and American Literature, University of Leicester, B.A., English, State University of New York, The process of turning an original or "source". Since translation deals with transfer of meaning, and semantics is the study of meaning, we cannot study translation without some knowledge of semantics. It is largely used in film, theatre and the visual arts but also in image design and advertising. The illusion of transparency is an effect of fluent discourse, of the translator's effort to ensure easy readability by adhering to current usage, maintaining continuous syntax, fixing a precise meaning. USA: Sesam. In the childrens versions, we see reduction as well as extension, but especially the latter. The similarities cannot be denied, they overlap and criss-cross the family resemblance is definitely there. However, it is suggested that the de facto degree of freedom is larger in intralingual translation than in most instances of translation proper. USA: P.S.I. Holmes (1972/2000) encourages us to describe, explain and predict, but to my knowledge the literature does not offer a systematic empirically-based account of intralingual translation, so this is what will be attempted in the following. Jakobson builds on Pierces theory of signs and meaning and postulates that the meaning of any linguistic sign is its translation into some further, alternative sign (Jakobson 1959/2000: 114). When we translate, we are not just describing an object or activity with different words and carrying across its meaning, we are creating new understandings of it (for example, that hare excrement crottle is different from horse dung doofers) and providing different perspectives through which to view it (that dung can be liquid ujller but also vary in size turdstool). The emperor wanted to count people in the cities in which they were born. This sentence provides information which is traditionally not given until verse 21. We can all, Im sure, think of multiple terms to describe human excrement and if they dont come to mind, do ask your nearest 5-6 year olds and youll have a full list in no time but in his exploration of the language of landscape, nature writer Robert MacFarlane unearthed a surprising number of forgotten English terms for animal dung. Man kan ikke blindt oversaette kildesprog til modtagersprog uden at forstyrre den oprindelige mening. I think we do need to redefine, even though we might actually ask redefine what? as there is no consensus within translation studies about one particular definition. P-nr: 1013139411, EAN-nr: 5798000418363 It is not a shame for a translator in so doing; instead, this process indicates expertise, sincerity, and responsibility. Nordquist, Richard. Complete equivalence as well as absolute synonymy is very rare (if it exists at all) and this fundamental dilemma of interpretation is shared by rewording as well as translation proper (Steiner 1975: 261): What Jakobson calls rewording an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs in the same language in fact raises issues of the same order as translation proper (Steiner 1975: 414). Intralingual translation - translation within the same language, which can involve rewording or paraphrase; Interlingual translation - translation from one language to another, and. That is, strategies applied within interlingual translation today in accordance with the skopos of the translation brief (e.g., a certain amount of restructuring or reduction) may 20 years ago have been considered unacceptable and beyond the tools available to translation proper. Tymoczko (1998, 2005) is not particularly concerned with intralingual translation, but her arguments for a broad perception of translation are very relevant. A transfer has taken place and the target text has been derived from the source text (resulting in a new product in another language, genre or medium), i.e. Again Steiner builds on Jakobson who also discussed, for instance, the fact that the challenge of synonymy in intralingual translation resembles the challenge of equivalence in interlingual translation (Jakobson 1959/2000: 114; Shuttleworth 1997: 88; Dam-Jensen and Zethsen, 2008). He has a definition is intralingual example, examples generally to try to translation and intralingually translated versions are. A legendary story in dialects has finally been developed into the legendary world of intralingual, interlingual and inter-semiotic translations. 11. Un article de la revue Meta (Volume 54, numro 4, dcembre 2009, p. 643-890) diffuse par la plateforme rudit. This is discussed by Snell-Hornby (1999, 2006) who heavily criticises and warns against a too narrow perception of translation (in general, and Newmarks definition in particular) the traditional linguistic transcoding activity (Snell-Hornby 1999: 164) and of the tasks of the modern-day translator, which need to be reflected to some extent in our theoretical discussions if they are to remain meaningful. On the basis of the above, I therefore encourage translation scholars to carry out research within the field. The first thing that springs to mind when comparing the family picture Bible from 1973 with the authorised version from 1948 is the high number of words in the family version, namely 236 compared to 92 words in the 1948 version. This article argues for the proper inclusion of intralingual translation on the grounds of its many similarities with interlingual translation. At the EST 2004 conference in Lisbon (proceedings forthcoming), Denton dealt with intercultural translation in his paper Waterlogged Somewhere in Mid-Atlantic: Why American Readers Need Intralingual Translation but Dont Often Get It. Rollason (2006: 5) refers to Denton who showed that even an English original can encounter communication barriers when crossing the Atlantic and exemplified with: Sue Townsends novel of 1982 The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole, Aged 13 3/4, a cult best-seller in Britain but far less successful in the US, where its very British cultural codes and slang terms have impeded readers enjoyment, to the point where Denton even suggests the case points up the need for intralingual translation. Despite differences and diverse points of view among its participants, the conference was both provocative and productive. Even on the basis of a hermeneutic approach it still makes sense to try to delimit the field of translation studies, the question is in which way? This chapter describes the broad phenomenon of intralingual translation, better known by such terms as reformulation, rewording, or paraphrasing. Intralingual vs. Interlingual translaiton - a comparative analysis of strategies in text production In translation studies, a distinction can be made between interlingual translation and intralingual translation, depending on whether translation occurs between two languages or in one language. [] and then the bed was as soft and as clean as you could ask for. In practice, we see many kinds of intralingual translation; numerous varieties of expert-to-layman communication, easy-readers for children, subtitling for the deaf, summaries, some kinds of news reporting, new translations of classics, etc. Consider this parodic intralingual translation by Alistair . A closer look reveals that the extended number of words comes from a large number of factual explanations and the addition of factual information to enhance childrens understanding of the text. My alternative definition is open and inherently non-finite and is an attempt to define the discipline of translation studies as an open field which relies on an open, inherently non-finite, yet describable concept and not on necessary or sufficient conditions or audience assumptions. theoryabout Correspondence EquivalenceKoller19791 85points out knowledge indicativeofcompetence inthe foreignlanguageand translationinwhichhiscorrespondenceand equivalencecorrespond toSaussure'S langue parolerespectivelyKoller1972hasstatedthatthe equivalenteffectDrinciple translationistending toruleoutall others . What is Intersemiotic Translation? Privacy Policy What a miracle! In this way we are able to reach a broad though still meaningful description of translation, relevant to the field of translation studies, which does not exclude, in particular, intralingual translation: A source text exists or has existed at some point in time. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/translation-language-1692560. Alternatively, it may take the form of considerable addition to the text with the aim of explaining or making explicit difficult or implicit information. Meta, Volume 54, Number 4, dcembre 2009, p.795812, Tous droits rservs Les Presses de lUniversit de Montral, 2009. In this translation process, a phase of intralingual translation is added, i.e. seem to be much more radical than what is seen in the majority of interlingual translations where . Schffner (1999: 100) relevantly asks whether translation itself is affected by modern developments or is it rather that more and more activities are added to translation proper? A good sample is Bangqing Hans Sing-song Girls of Shanghai. I *play the internet. examples. Presumably more than one factor will have an impact in any given instance of intralingual translation and the boundaries between the factors are far from watertight in this article, the categories have been used solely for explanatory purposes and they can, with no doubt, be further developed or regrouped. In my view neither of these two requirements are necessary conditions for a document/product to constitute a translation and they would effectively exclude all intralingual translation. Intuitively even laymen would know what a translation is and would probably define it in a way which corresponds to the prototypical translation proper in Jakobsons terminology. titre de comparaison, il est propos une description gnrale de la traduction interlinguale et de ses caractristiques sur la base de cinq versions danoises diffrentes dune mme section de la Bible et dune analyse des micro-stratgies loeuvre dans chacune de ces versions. These three kinds of translation are to be differently labeled: 1) Intralingual translation or rewording is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language, 2) . . 11. Examples An example of Interlingual Translation would be the Bible. At the same time more contemporary words and expressions have replaced older ones (several resembling the changes which were later to be made in the authorised version from 1992), everyday words have replaced more formal language and the syntax has become more straightforward resembling spoken language. CVR-nr: 31119103 Intralingual translation Qubecois - French SL = TL Malay - Indonesian SW = TW Scriptural translation Transliteration Transcription . To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. This I think is a major setback as there seems to be much to gain theoretically as well as practically by looking for similarities and differences between the various kinds of translational activities carried out. He finishes it, with misgivings. Are the strategies applied in intralingual translation different from those applied in interlingual translation? All but strictly necessary cookies are currently disabled for this browser. The source texts in this case can be a classic text, or text in dialect which, for its peculiar pronunciation and expressions, was only easily understood by its local neighborhood. resembles the challenge within intralingual translation of transmitting the same message in the linguistic style of another genre e.g. An assistant who is asked to rewrite a report, make it more complex, insert expert terms, etc. At the same time, it should be added that though no one can deny that the resemblances are there it is also necessary to focus on the differences, or possible differences, between the two kinds of translation. Intralingual translations instigated by the parameter of time (diachronic translations) are typically new and more contemporary translations of classical texts (religious texts, literature): Every generation retranslates the classics, out of a vital compulsion for immediacy and precise echo (Steiner 1975: 29-30). Intralingual translations instigated by the parameter of culture (intercultural translations) could typically be an American version of an English book (as is the case with Harry Potter, for instance, which has been published in a special American edition replacing cultural words like biscuits, football, Mummy, rounders and sherbet lemons with cookies, soccer, Mommy, baseball and lemon drops [Hatim and Munday 2004: 4-5]). This line of thought was further elaborated by Steiner in 1975. Holy Bible (1611/1986): Authorised King James version. by means of synonymous expressions of another level of formality as pointed out by Steiner (1975). Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page And then, finally, we have the reader. When planning this case study, a number of different examples of intralingual translation were considered. Furthermore, we will learn about the third category of int. Secondly and because of the purpose of simplification, the microstrategies applied in intralingual translation (the additions, omissions, restructuring, etc.) Turn on JavaScript to exercise your cookie preferences for all non-essential cookies. . intralingual translation or rewording is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language; interlingual translation or translation proper is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language; Translation (whether interlingual, intralingual or intersemiotic) is seen as part of the semiotic concept of transfer and special focus is on transfer from one culture to another. The content has remained constant both denotatively and connotatively. Scholars argue that translation within the same language has existed for as long as language has existed, and arguably civilisation itself. In theory, translation studies does not exclude intralingual translation, but de facto empirical studies or discussions on the subject of intralingual translation are few and far between. lingual translation. xii Book Endorsement Basics of Translation, by Dr Mahmoud Altarabin, a promising writer on translation, is a well-organized textbook in terms of the translation The novel had been neglected by the major scholars for a couple of decades until it was discovered by Lu Xun () and Hu Shi(). We do have classifications such as Jakobsons, which alert us to the possibility of such things as intersemiotic and intralingual translation, but we do not make any genuine use of such classifications in our research. In translation studies, a distinction can be made between interlingual translation and intralingual translation, depending on whether translation occurs between two languages or in one language. We offer a diverse selection of courses from leading universities and cultural institutions from around the world. FG (functional grammar) looks at how language works, of great importance is the . In the latter case, the aim of the intralingual translation is no longer merely comprehension of the factual content of the text there is also an element of expressivity/persuasion. The entire text is one long paraphrase, not a single phrase is identical to the 1948 version. On the basis of these insights, I attempted to set up an alternative definition of translation which is able to contain a wide range of translational phenomena, including that of intralingual translation, but which is still narrow enough to be meaningful to the field of translation studies. It differs from general transliteration in various aspects. The changes made centre around the difference in time between the two versions and the aim is to make a traditional, close translation/version gently brought up to date to make it more accessible to contemporary readers. Intralingual translation has a strong tendency to involve a form of simplification where it becomes the main purpose of the translation, and because of this tendency the micro-strategies applied (additions, omissions, restructuring, etc.)

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