The first two Ukrainian settlers arrived in Canada in 1891 followed by tens of thousands until the start of the First World War. It is not clear when the index was created. Entries record the names of the child and parents, often including mother's maiden name; the birth date and place; gender; whether the birth was legitimate; information on circumcisions; midwives; and names of witnesses (to the circumcision or name-giving) or godparents. 1868-1918, 1919-1945, 1946-present, Austrian Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Banat, Birth records, Interwar Romania, Tags: The most frequently mentioned villages are Urior (Hung: Alr), Rzbuneni (Hung: Szinye), Cuzdrioara (Hung: Kozrvr), Reteag (Hung: Retteg). Entries are entered across two pages. During its first months of existence, inutul Suceava suffered far right (Iron Guard) uproars, to which the regional governor Gheorghe Alexianu (the future governor of the Transnistria Governorate) reacted with nationalist and anti-Semitic measures. This register records births for Jews living in and around Turda. Bukovina [nb 1] is a historical region, variously described as part of either Central or Eastern Europe (or both). An analysis of a record sample below shows the following transitions in script. This book records births that took place in the town of Timioara from 1871 to 1886, primarily in the Iosefin/Josefstadt/Jzsefvros quarter. Ukrainian Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky himself led a campaign in Moldavia, whose result was an alliance between Khmelnytsky and its hospodar Vasile Lupu. The register was kept relatively thoroughly with all data completed clearly in most instances. Both headings and entries are in Hungarian. Addenda are in Hungarian and Romanian. [citation needed]. The major nearby communities were Storojinet in the southwest, and Sahdhora to the north, and several smaller Jewish communities were also nearby. Bukovina suffered great losses during the war. Please note this register is catalogued under "Dej" but the surveying archivists chose to rename it within the JBAT catalogue to more accurately reflect the contents. Romnii nord-bucovineni n exilul totalitarismului sovietic, Victor Brsan "Masacrul inocenilor", Bucureti, 1993, pp. Box 4666, Ventura, CA 93007 Request a Quote: bridal boutiques in brooklyn CSDA Santa Barbara County Chapter's General Contractor of the Year 2014! It was a district in Galicia until 1849 when it became a separate Austrian Crownland. This register records births for the Orthodox Jewish community of Cluj. The book is printed in Hungarian and German and recorded in German. At the same time, Cernui, the third most populous town in Romania (after Bucharest and Chiinu), which had been a mere county seat for the last 20 years, became again a (regional) capital. The book is printed and recorded in German. The first book in each section is in handwritten German (headings as well); the next two have headings printed in Hungarian and German and entries in German or Hungarian with subsequent notes and comments in Hungarian. During the time of the Golden Horde, in the 14th century, Bukovina became part of Moldavia under the Hungarian Suzerainty, bringing colonists from Maramure, e.g. The National Archive of Romania in Suceava The Roman Catholic Diocese in Iasi Bukovina Jewish Heritage Sites [37] In the northern part of the region, however, Romanians made up only 32.6% of the population, with Ukrainians significantly outnumbering Romanians. Mother Maria Matava. Edit Search New Search Jump to Filters. Ukrainian language would appear in Chernivsti's schools as late as 1851, but only as a subject, at the local university (in spite of this, the city attracted students from other parts of Bukovina and Galicia, who would study in the German language of instruction). 1868-1918, 1919-1945, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Birth records, Cluj, Interwar Romania, Transylvania, Tags: It was incorporated into the Principality of Terebovlia in 1084. 1868-1918, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Banat, Birth records, Sephardic communities, Timioara, Tags: All Birth, Marriage & Death results for Bukovina 1-20 of 3,603 Browse by collection To get better results, add more information such as First Name, Birth Info, Death Info and Location even a guess will help. The book records births in the Jewish community of Dej and in many of the surrounding villages. Please see also the entry for the alphabetic index of names corresponding to this book which is catalogued under Timioara-Fabric quarter, nr. In 1940, the northern half of Bukovina was annexed by the Soviet Union in violation of the MolotovRibbentrop Pact, a non-aggression pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. Suceava, 1999. 1868-1918, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Birth records, Dej, Transylvania, Tags: Skip . After 1944, the human and economic connections between the northern (Soviet) and southern (Romanian) parts of Bukovina were severed. The register includes spaces for birth date and place, name, parent names, godparent names, midwife name, but very seldom is the information filled out. Drago Tochi. Additionally, hundreds of Romanian peasants were killed as they attempted escape to Romania away from the Soviet authorities. Note that the page number corresponds with the original page number, not the subsequent one given by the National Archives. According to the 1930 Romanian census, Romanians made up 44.5% of the total population of Bukovina, and Ukrainians (including Hutsuls) 29.1%. Casualties. Whether the region would have been included in the Moldavian SSR, if the commission presiding over the division had been led by someone other than the communist leader Nikita Khrushchev, remains a matter of debate among scholars. Historically the population consisted of Moldovans (Romanians) and Ukrainians (Ruthenians and Hutzuls). Name; date; gender; parents; marital status of parents; parent residence; midwife name; circumcision or naming ceremony details and name of witnesses or godparents are provided. Beside Stotsky, other important Bukovinian leaders were Yerotei Pihuliak, Omelian Popovych, Mykola Vasylko, Orest Zybachynsky[uk], Denis Kvitkovsky [uk], Sylvester Nikorovych, Ivan and Petro Hryhorovych, and Lubomyr Husar. The Northern portion was incorporated into Ukraine afterwards. Please note entries are sparse and frequently incomplete. This register records births for Jews living in the villages surrounding Mociu (Hung: Mcs); there are a few entries for Jews living in Mociu itself. [1] [2] [3] The region is located on the northern slopes of the central Eastern Carpathians and the adjoining plains, today divided between Romania and Ukraine . [1][2][3] The region is located on the northern slopes of the central Eastern Carpathians and the adjoining plains, today divided between Romania and Ukraine. Edit your search or learn more. Consequently, the culture of the Kievan Rus' spread in the region. P. 35. The earliest birth recorded is 1833. Also note that around the interwar period, entries become more sporadic and are often not in chronologic order. [12][13] Parts of Bukovina were first conquered in 981 by Vladimir the Great. [35][12] In addition to the suppression of the Ukrainian people, their language and culture, Ukrainian surnames were Rumanized, and the Ukrainian Orthodox Church was persecuted. The Northern portion was incorporated into Ukraine afterwards. That index, however, begins with births in 1857 and goes only until 1885. Please note that at the time of the present survey (2016), births dating later than 1914 were not legally accessible. The name Bukovina came into official use in 1775 with the region's annexation from the Principality of Moldavia to the possessions of the Habsburg monarchy, which became the Austrian Empire in 1804, and Austria-Hungary in 1867. Carol II's Administrative Reform in North-Eastern Romania (19381940), in: Anuarul Institutului de Istorie "A. D. Xenopol", supplement, 2015; Leonid Ryaboshapko. "[4][12][13] Indeed, a group of scholars surrounding the Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand were planning on creating a Romanian state that would've included all of Bukovina, including Czernowitz. The register was kept relatively well with all data completed in most instances. 1775-1867, 1868-1918, 1919-1945, Austrian Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Birth records, Death records, Interwar Romania, Marriage records, Transylvania, Tags: The specific information found in each entry is noted below: https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/index.php?title=Bukovina_Church_Records&oldid=2825577, Year, month, and day of birth and baptism, Name and social status or occupation of the father (often includes residence), Name, social status, and residence of godparents, Signature of the priest who performed the baptism, Signature of the priest conducting the burial. The headings are in German and Hungarian and the pages are specific to the needs of a Jewish community (spaces for circumcision information, includes Hebrew letters for dates). It was a district in Galicia until 1849 when it became a separate Austrian Crownland. It is the regional branch of the WorldGenWeb Project. For some of the Romanian villages, no prior German name could be found. In addition to the birth date, place, and gender of the baby, parental information, midwife name, and data on the naming ceremony or bris is provided. This book is an alphabetic index of names found in the birth record book for the town of Timioara, citadel quarter, from 1886-1942. Unique is the index at the back of the book which includes a Hebrew alphabet index, according to first name of the father (Reb Benjamin, etc) and then a Latin alphabet index, according to the family name (Ausspitz, etc). 255258; Vasile Ilica. They later did open German schools, but no Ukrainian ones. This register is noted to be a "double" on the cover. ); deaths 1861-1873, [District of] Dej (Hung: Ds, Des), Israelites: births 1845-1888; deaths 1886, Cluj (Hung: Kolozsvr), Israelites: births 1892-1897 (Orthodox), [District around] Cluj (Hung: Kolozsvr), Israelites: births 1887-1888; 1900; 1920-1922 (Orthodox), Cluj (Hung: Kolozsvr), Israelites: births 1886-1936 (Neologue), Cluj (Hung: Kolozsvr), Israelites: births 1886-1891 (Orthodox), Cluj (Hung: Kolozsvr), Israelites: births 1885-1927 (Orthodox), Cluj (Hung: Kolozsvr), Israelites: births 1885-1895 (Orthodox), Cluj (Hung: Kolozsvr), Israelites: births, marriages, deaths 1886-1895 (Neologue), Cluj (Hung: Kolozsvr), Israelites: births 1881-1885 (Status Quo Ante), Cluj (Hung: Kolozsvr), Israelites: births 1875-1885 (Orthodox), Cluj (Hung: Kolozsvr), Israelites: births, marriages, deaths 1852-1875, Dej (Hung: Ds); Ccu (Hung: Kack); Maia (Hung: Mnya); Mnstirea (Hung: Szentbenedek); Reteag (Hung: Retteg), Israelites: births, marriages, deaths 1876-1886, Bora (Hung: Kolozsborsa), Israelites: births 1880-1885, Bdeti (Hung: Bdok), Israelites: births 1850-1884, Apahida (Hung: Apahida), Israelites: births 1883-1887, Apahida (Hung: Apahida), Israelites: births 1852-1883, Aghireu (Hung: Egeres), Israelites: births, marriages, deaths 1837-1884, Collection of Parochial Registers of Civil Records, Cluj county, Israelite community, Timioara-Iosefin quarter: alphabetic index of births [sic?] Bukovina was part of the Austrian Empire 1775-1918. Please note that the book is catalogued as being from Nadu (Hungarian Kalotandas), but the contents make it apparent that this is an error. The register was kept quite thoroughly with all data completed clearly in most instances. The transcription of the birth record states "mother from Zebie Galizia". It is assumed that Soviet civil registration replaced Austrian/Romanian church registration around that year. Both headings and entries are entirely in German; some entries have notes in Hungarian added at later points in time. Meanwhile, always according to Nistor, about 8,000 (10%) were Ruthenians, and 3,000 (4%) other ethnic groups. Search types are available under "More Options". Father . This register records births occuring from 1892-1907 in the Jewish community of Turda. Data on heads of household typically includes the following: name address date and place of birth occupation education Data on other family members may consist of name relationship to head of household year of birth occupation These records are in Romanian. The register was kept quite thoroughly with all data completed clearly in most instances but was severely damaged over time. pope francis indigenous peoples. [12] Later (1514) it was vassalized by the Ottoman Empire. The withdrawal of the Romanian Army, authorities, and civilians was disastrous. About 45,000 ethnic Germans had left Northern Bukovina by November 1940.[43]. After 1908 births are recorded only sporadically. In some languages a definite article, sometimes optional, is used before the name: the Bukovina, increasingly an archaism in English[citation needed], which, however, is found in older literature. The same report indicated that Moldavians constituted the majority in the area of Suceava. Probably the book was either kept in Mociu or stored there in later years and thus is catalogued as being from that village. Cernui-Trgu-Mure, 1994, p. 160. 1819. Birth place and dates of the parents is seldom indicated but children data is almost always completed. We welcome your input about our site. New York, U.S., Arriving Passenger and Crew Lists (including Castle Garden and Ellis Island), 1820-1957 . Cost per photocopy: 35. The area around the city of Chernivtsi/Czernowitz in Bukovina, now in Ukraine, included many Jewish communities linked by history, commerce, and family. Teodor birth record - March 3, 1881. The Moldavian state was formed by the mid-14th century, eventually expanding its territory all the way to the Black Sea. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. Many rebels died in the Rohatyn Battle, with Mukha and the survivors fleeing back to Moldavia. [57] Romanians made up 44.5% of the population, while 27.7% were Ukrainians/Ruthenians (plus 1.5% Hutsuls), 10.8% Jews, 8.9% Germans, 3.6% Poles, and 3.0% others or undeclared.[58]. 1868-1918, 1919-1945, 1946-present, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Banat, Birth records, Interwar Romania, Timioara, World War II, Project Director They are of uniform format, initially dictated by the Austrian authorities. This register records births for the Jewish community of the village of Apahida (same name in Romanian and Hungarian). The entries were probably made in the 1850s or 1860s as a result of new regulations on the keeping of civil records. [citation needed] Among the first references of the Vlachs (Romanians) in the region is in the 10th Century by Varangian Sagas referring to the Blakumen people i.e. For the folk metal band, see, Location of Bukovina within northern Romania and neighbouring Ukraine, Bukovina, now part of Romania and Ukraine. The index records only name, year of birth, and page number on which the record may be found. Upon its foundation, the Moldovan state recognized the supremacy of Poland, keeping on recognizing it from 1387 to 1497. Please see also the entry for the original record book, which is catalogued under Timioara-Fabric quarter, nr. The region has been sparsely populated since the Paleolithic. It was organized as part of the Bukovina Governorate. 7). [12][13], After the fragmentation of Kievan Rus', Bukovina passed to the Principality of Galicia (Principality of Galicia-Volhynia) in 1124. Families are from many villages in the area. Please note that at the time of survey (2016) any entries past 1915 were closed to researchers. During Soviet Communist rule in Bukovina, "private property was nationalized; farms were partly collectivized; and education was Ukrainianized. In 1944 the Red Army drove the Axis forces out and re-established Soviet control over the territory. [13], The Congress elected the Romanian Bukovinian politician Iancu Flondor as chairman, and voted for the union with the Kingdom of Romania, with the support of the Romanian, German, and Polish representatives; the Ukrainians did not support this. On 14 August 1938 Bukovina officially disappeared from the map, becoming a part of inutul Suceava, one of ten new administrative regions. Please note a noticeable portion of the families recorded here were from villages around Cluj, rather than Cluj itself. These are in Hungarian and from the 19th century with the exception of one in Romanian dated 1952 and one in Yiddish, undated. Later entries in particular are often not fully completed. This book is an alphabetic index of names found in the birth record book for the town of Timioara, Fabric quarter, from 1870-1895. Records . Ukrainians are still a recognized minority in Romania, and have one seat reserved in the Romanian Chamber of Deputies. Please note there are a few documents from the interwar period attached to records verifying or contesting legal names. This book records births that took place in the town of Timioara from 1870 to 1895, primarily in the Fabric/Fabrik/Gyrvros quarter. Name; date; gender; parents; marital status of parents; parent residence; midwife name; circumcision or naming ceremony details and name of witnesses or godparents are provided. The book is printed in Hungarian but recorded in German until the late 1870s, after which it is recorded in Hungarian. Name; date and place of birth; gender; parent names, birthplace, and occupation; midwife name; circumcision or naming ceremony officiant is recorded. Unfortunately, within the archives of Timisoara, there is no birth or marriage record book beginning in 1845, so it is not clear to what original book was referred. By the 4th century, the Goths appeared in the region. tefan Purici. Bukovina was a closed military district (17751786), then the largest district, Bukovina District (first known as the Czernowitz District), of the Austrian constituent Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria (17871849). Bukovina[nb 1] is a historical region, variously described as part of either Central or Eastern Europe (or both). Data recorded is typical for record books of this time and includes the individual's name and birth details; parent details; place of residence; occupation; for births information on the circumcision or naming ceremony; for marriages information on the ceremony; for deaths circumstances of death and details on the burial. [citation needed] According to Romanian historiography, popular enthusiasm swept the whole region, and a large number of people gathered in the city to wait for the resolution of the Congress. On September 11, 1997 the Society received a determination from the Internal Revenue Service that it is a tax exempt organization under section 501 (c) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code. [13] However, their achievements were accompanied by friction with Romanians. Bukovina Genealogy Research - Bukovina Society Bukovina Genealogy Research Researching Bohemian-German Settlers in Bukovina List of Church Records in the National Archive of Romania in Suceava (Note: The records are NOT on-line.) Name; date; gender; parents; marital status of parents; parent residence; midwife name; circumcision or naming ceremony details and name of witnesses or godparents are provided. The records in Chernivtsi include those from Khotin (Bessarabia) and Hertsa (Romania). The book, both the printed titles and handwritten entries, is in Hungarian. Shortly thereafter, it became a vassal of the Ottoman Empire (1514).[12]. by Roman Zakhariy from Berezhany. 1868-1918, 1919-1945, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Banat, Birth records, Interwar Romania, Timioara, Tags: The headings and entries are in Hungarian. Each section begins with births, then moves to marriages and then deaths. Sometimes cause is also noted. It was absorbed by Romania between the world wars. Because of the mix the inclusive dates of some volumes overlap and both the transcript and original entry are available. This book is an alphabetic index of marriages or births in Jewish families taking place in the town of Timioara from 1845 to 1895. As a result, the USSR only demanded the northern, overwhelmingly Ukrainian part, arguing that it was a "reparation for the great loss produced to the Soviet Union and Bassarabia's population by twenty-two years of Romanian domination of Bassarabia". Birth Info, Death Info and Locationeven a guess will help. [54] According to Alecu Hurmuzaki, by 1848, 55% of the population was Romanian. . The first list records house number, family role (ie, father, mother, etc), name and birth year. [13][55] Official censuses in the Austrian Empire (later Austria-Hungary) did not record ethnolinguistic data until 18501851. sabbath school superintendent opening remarks P.O. (in Romanian), 1855 Austrian ethnic-map showing 1851 census data in lower right corner, "The Ukrainians: Engaging the 'Eastern Diaspora'". Data recorded is typical for record books of this time and includes the individual's name and birth details; parent details; place of residence; for births information on the circumcision; for marriages information on the ceremony; for deaths circumstances of death and details on the burial. Please note the register is catalogued by the National Archives as having deaths from 1845-1880, but this is an error. All results for bukovina. 1775-1867, 1868-1918, Austrian Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Birth records, Death records, Dej, Transylvania, Tags: This book was maintained by the Dej community at least until the interwar period (stamps in Romanian). The town of Suceava (German and Polish: Suczawa), the largest in southern Bukovina, The Administrative Palace in Suceava (German and Polish: Suczawa), Cmpulung Moldovenesc (German: Kimpolung), Sltioara secular forest, UNESCO World Heritage Site, Vorone Monastery, UNESCO World Heritage site, Medieval Putna Monastery in Putna, Suceava County, The German House in Chernivtsi (Romanian: Cernui, German: Czernowitz), Residence of Bukovinian and Dalmatian Metropolitans, UNESCO World Heritage site, Crlibaba (German: Mariensee/Ludwigsdorf), The Polish basilica in Cacica (Polish: Kaczyka), The Roman Catholic church of the Bukovina Germans in Putna, Soloneu Nou (Polish: Nowy Sooniec) village, Mnstirea Humorului (German: Humora Kloster), Mocnia-Huulca-Moldovia narrow-gauge steam train in Suceava County, Media related to Bukovina at Wikimedia Commons, Romanian Wikisource has original text related to this article: La Bucovina (Mihai Eminescu original poem in Romanian). 1868-1918, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Birth records, Transylvania, Tags: [nb 2] Romanian control of the province was recognized internationally in the Treaty of St. Germain in 1919. The rule of thumb is that volumes are transferred when 75 years has passed since the last year in a volume. Spring 1945 saw the formation of transports of Polish repatriates who (voluntarily or by coercion) had decided to leave. Sometimes the place of birth is given and/or other comments. The entries are not made chronologically and thus it is not clear when the book was begun, probably in the 1880s or 1890s. With their renowned exterior frescoes, these monasteries remain some of the greatest cultural treasures of Romania; some of them are World Heritage Sites, part of the painted churches of northern Moldavia. Note that the page number corresponds with the original page number, not the subsequent one given by the National Archives. Please see also the entry for the original record book, which is catalogued under Timioara-Fabric quarter, nr. The register was kept relatively well with all data clearly completed in most instances. As part of the peasant armies, they formed their own regiment, which participated to the 1648 siege of Lviv. The index is in Romanian, indicating it was created much later than the original record book to which it refers. It was first delineated as a separate district of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria in 1775, and was made a nominal duchy within the Austrian Empire in 1849. [9], According to the 1930 Romanian Census, Bukovina had a population of 853,009. Data recorded is typical for record books of this time and includes the individual's name and birth details; parent details; place of residence; for births information on the circumcision; for marriages information on the ceremony; for deaths circumstances of death and details on the burial. The main transition occurred around 1875 when registration when Bukovina came under Romanian influence within the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Most births took place in Kolozsmonostor (Ro: Cluj-Mntur), Magyarndas or Egeres (Aghireu). There are also several different sets of birth entries, perhaps representing sporadic updates to the log. ); marriages 1856-1870(? Especially the later entries tend to be incomplete. Several entries have later additions or comments made in Romanian. The Austrians hindered both Romanian and Ukrainian nationalisms. Searching for Austria records? Name, date, gender, parents, marital status of parents, parent residence, midwife name, circumcision or naming ceremony details and name of witnesses or godparents are provided. As a result of the Mongol invasion, the Shypyntsi land, recognizing the suzerainty of the Mongols, arose in the region. In 1940-1941, tens of thousands of Romanian families from northern Bukovina were deported to Siberia. This register records births and deaths for Jews in villages near the town of Dej and in Dej itself. The headings and entries are in Hungarian and the information was, in general, entered chronologically, beginning in 1887 and ending in 1888, with one entry from 1875 made after the fact. The index records only name, year of birth, and page number on which the record may be found. The Early Slavs/Slavic-speakers emerged as early as in the 4th century in this area, with the Antes controlling a large area that included Bukovina by the 6th century. Entries record the names of the child and parents, often including mother's maiden name; the birth date and place; gender; whether the birth was legitimate; information on circumcisions; midwives; and names of witnesses (to the circumcision or name-giving) or godparents. The register was kept quite thoroughly with all data completed clearly in most instances. This register records births for Jews living in the village of Bora (Kolozsborsa in Hungarian, not to be confused with the small town of Bora in Maramure) and the surrounding area. This register records births for in Jewish families in villages around Cluj; Apahida and Bora (Hung: Kolozsborsa) appear frequently. The 1910 census counted 800,198 people, of which: Ruthenians 38.88%, Romanians 34.38%, Germans 21.24% (Jews 12.86% included), Polish people 4.55%, Hungarian people 1.31%, Slovaks 0.08%, Slovenes 0.02%, Italian people 0.02%, and a few Croats, Romani people, Serbs and Turkish people. The Church in Bukovina was initially administered from Kiev. The collection is organized alphabetically by location, then by religious community. Villages that appear with some frequency are Iclod (Hu: Nagyikld), Rscruci (Hu: Vlaszt), Siliva (Hu: Szilvs), Sic (Hu: Szk), Bonida (Hu: Bonchida). Pokuttya was inhabited by Ruthenians (the predecessors of modern Ukrainians together with the Rus', and of the Rusyns). Entries are generally comprehensively completed, sometimes using elaborate calligraphy (those in German). This is a collection of records of birth, marriage, and death, usually in the form of register books kept by religious officials. The index records only name, year of birth, and page number on which the record may be found. A Constituent Assembly on 14/27 October 1918 formed an executive committee, to whom the Austrian governor of the province handed power. In 1919, the historian Ion Nistor stated that the Romanians constituted an overwhelming majority in 1774, roughly 64,000 (85%) of the 75,000 total population. The region had been under Polish nominal suzerainty from its foundation (1387) to the time of this battle (1497). During the Habsburg period, the Ukrainians increased their numbers in the north of the region, while in the south the Romanian nationality kept its vast majority. Data recorded is typical for record books of this time and includes the individual's name and birth details; parent details; place of residence; for births information on the circumcision; for deaths circumstances of death and details on the burial. Note this book overlaps with and repeats entries from the deaths book with call nr. The headings and entries are in Hungarian. This book is an alphabetic index of names found in the birth record book for the town of Timioara, Fabric quarter, from 1875-1882. Another birth record is for their daughter . [24][25][26], Under Austrian rule, Bukovina remained ethnically mixed: Romanians were predominant in the south, Ukrainians (commonly referred to as Ruthenians in the Empire) in the north, with small numbers of Hungarian Szkelys, Slovak, and Polish peasants, and Germans, Poles and Jews in the towns. Pravove stanovishche natsionalnyh menshyn v Ukraini (19172000), P. 259 (in Ukrainian). After passing to Hungary in the 14th century, the Hungarian king appointed Drago as his deputy and facilitated the migration of Romanians from Maramure and Transylvania into Bukovina. The format remained consistent throughout the period with the addition of a single column in the 1880s providing form the sequentially number of the event. On 2 July 1776, at Palamutka, Austrians and Ottomans signed a border convention, Austria giving back 59 of the previously occupied villages, retaining 278 villages.

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