2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. An example of a well-known social movement that is believed to be an example of the resource mobilization theory is the Civil Rights Movement. According to Frances Fox Piven and Richard Cloward, other factors besides organizational resources (such as the experience of relative deprivation) are important for understanding social movements. 1 (November). 13, pp. 6.2 Resource Mobilization Theory. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. c. Lipsky, Michael (1970)Protest in City Politics: Rent Strikes Housing and the Power of the Poor (Chicago: Rand McNally). 82, pp. (Cambridge, MA. ), The Formation of National States in Western Europe (Princeton University Press). When the theory first appeared, it was a breakthrough in the study of social movements because it focused on . Reprinted from International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society, vol. Amoung the major theories currently looked at today are resource mobilization, collective behaviour theory, frame alignment theory and political opportunities theory. If your specific country is not listed, please select the UK version of the site, as this is best suited to international visitors. Tilly, Charles (1981) As Sociology Meets History ( New York: Academic Press). It stresses the ability of movement's members to 1) acquire resources and to 2) mobilize people towards accomplishing the movement's goals. b. Question and answer Material assets include currency, buildings, people, telephones and computers. Some movements are effective without an influx of money and are more dependent upon the movement of members for time and labor (e.g., the civil rights movement in the US). Western art criticism focuses on theory and philosophy. Non-material assets include ideology, will-power, political support, leadership and solidarity. They also used these platforms as a resource to communicate, mobilize and organize their protests. The history of resource mobilization theory begins pre-dominantly with research done in the 1970s. Tilly, Diani and McAdams emphasis focuses predominately on employing a political model in order to examine the various processes that are claimed to give rise to social movements. Some movements are effective without an influx of money and are more dependent upon the movement of members for time and labor (e.g., the civil rights movement in the US). Unlike other theories of social movements at the time, resource mobilization theory, replaced the crowd with the organization, and dismissed the psychological variables of alienation and frustration in favour of the rational actor employing instrumental and strategic reasoning.[2]It was this difference, which made it stand out amongst academics and prompted a flurry of research to compile an overarching framework regarding resource mobilization. Definition Resource Mobilization is a process, which will identify the resources essential for the development, implementation and continuation of works for achieving the organization's mission. Thompson, E. P. (1974) Patrician Society, Plebian Culture, Journal of Social History, vol. ( New York: Pantheon). [8]Therefore, as nations become more prosperous and generate necessary social movement resources such as education, wealth and communication, these in turn will help spur social movement activity. 7, no. (eds) Social Movements. This theory has been criticized for placing too much emphasis on resources, particularly financial resources, as the success of some movements depends more on the time and labor of members rather than on money. (2021, February 16). Hobsbawm, Eric J. ), with the assistance of Mark Naison, The Tenant Movement in New York City, 19041984 ( New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press ). He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education. (1988) Theories of Civil Violence ( Berkeley, CA: University of California Press). { "21.3A:_Social_Movements" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "21.3B:_Types_of_Social_Movements" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "21.3C:_Propaganda_and_the_Mass_Media" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "21.3D:_The_Stages_of_Social_Movements" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "21.3E:_Relative_Deprivation_Approach" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "21.3F:_Resource_Mobilization_Approach" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "21.3G:_Gender_and_Social_Movements" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "21.3H:_New_Social_Movements" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, { "21.01:_Social_Change_and_Collective_Behavior" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "21.02:_Sources_of_Social_Change" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "21.03:_Social_Movements" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, [ "article:topic", "showtoc:no", "license:ccbysa", "columns:two" ], https://socialsci.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fsocialsci.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FSociology%2FIntroduction_to_Sociology%2FBook%253A_Sociology_(Boundless)%2F21%253A_Social_Change%2F21.03%253A_Social_Movements%2F21.3F%253A_Resource_Mobilization_Approach, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), status page at https://status.libretexts.org, Use the resource-mobilization theory to explain some of the successful social movements in history, such as the Civil Rights Movement. there will always be grounds for protest in modern, politically pluralistic societies because there is constant discontent (i.e., grievances or deprivation); this de-emphasizes the importance of these factors as it makes them ubiquitous, actors are rational and they are able to weigh the costs and benefits from movement participation, members are recruited through networks; commitment is maintained by building a collective identity and continuing to nurture interpersonal relationships, movement organization is contingent upon the aggregation of resources, social movement organizations require resources and continuity of leadership, social movement entrepreneurs and protest organizations are the catalysts which transform collective discontent into social movements; social movement organizations form the backbone of social movements, the form of the resources shapes the activities of the movement (e.g., access to a TV station will result in the extensive use TV media). Advertisement friedchicken2006 Advertisement Advertisement d. only applies to college students. Social movements are often led by elite classes. They were aided in their cause by the resources they had from the organizations as well as labor unions, student organizations and small businesses. No longer were social movements viewed as irrational, emotion-driven, and disorganized. Foweraker discusses the explanatory staying power of the theory, including its ability to adapt over time. ThoughtCo. In this example, the activists in these countries used social media platforms as a way to spread the message and call to action about their social causes. Shorter, Edward and Charles Tilly (1974)Strikes in France, 1830 to 1968 (NY: Cambridge University Press). Only when those resources have been collectively assigned to pursue a purpose, is mobilization said to take place. Resource theory is a more sociological version of the self-concept explanations. We've received widespread press coverage since 2003, Your UKEssays purchase is secure and we're rated 4.4/5 on reviews.co.uk. 4. . Abstract. 'Benjamin Constant'. All articles are edited by a PhD level academic. | Learn more about Eric . Lodhi, Abdul Qaiyum and Charles Tilly (1973) Urbanization and Collective Violence in 19th-Century France. American Journal of Sociology, vol. Contents. 4 (23 March). A Critique of Deprivation and Resource Mobilization Theories. Journal of Conflict Resolution, vol. Resource mobilization theory also looks at the process of accessing resources and the different mechanisms that an organization can employ to reach its goals. The theory explores how social movement comes about. Specifically . 37, no. Scott addresses this notion, by underpinning that without any reasonable consideration of cultural, solitary action seems very unlikely. 79 (September). Resources are understood here to include: knowledge, money, media, labor, solidarity, legitimacy, and internal and external support from a power elite. McAdam, Doug (1986) Recruitment to High Risk Activism: The Case of Freedom Summer, American Journal of Sociology, vol. Resource theory is a more sociological version of the self-concept explanations. Main Trends of the Modern World. (1988) Theories of Civil Violence ( Berkeley, CA: University of California Press). The Sociological Quarterly,41(4), 573-592. ), Handbook of Sociology ( Beverely Hills, CA: Sage Publications ). Ianni, Francis A. J. Learn more about our academic and editorial standards. Here you can choose which regional hub you wish to view, providing you with the most relevant information we have for your specific region. This helps sociologists understand them in relation to other social movements; for example, how much influence does one theory or movement have on another? aside during what stage? Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.2000.tb00074.x. No plagiarism, guaranteed! McCarthy, John D. and Mayer Zald (1973) The Trend of Social Movements in America: Professionalization and Resource Mobilization ( New Jersey: General Learning Press).

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