. All rights reserved. He was born on December 16, 1714 at the Bell Inn, Gloucester, and died in Newburyport, Massachusetts on September 30, 1770. Encyclopedia of the American Revolution: Library of Military History. Published in 1994 Lambert, Frank. He was almost a phenomenon. In 1724, when Whitefield was ten, his mother married an iron seller named Longden. 21 Dec. 2020 . After a falling out with his brother's wife, Whitefield left the inn and went to Bristol, England. After another extended American visit (1744–48), he made four more colonial preaching tours (1751–52, 1754–55, 1763–65, 1769–70). In September he embarked on another tour of New England and then was off to Scotland, sparking revivals there. His youth, his histrionic ability, his beautiful voice, and a compulsive personal conviction enabled him to hold an audience with remarkable power. By showing people in widely distant places that they shared an interest in the revival of religion, he contributed to eroding the insularity and provincialism that had hitherto isolated colonial Americans. ." The next morning at six o'clock, he died. As a part of ordination process, all candidates* were required to affirm the Thirty-Nine Articles (as found in the Book of Common Prayer). □. Retrieved December 21, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/whitefield-george-0. He received financial assistance from Lady Elizabeth Hastings, who continued to support him and his causes later in life. The press gave him more space. He left a scorched earth in his wake, created by the fires of revivalism and the hot anger of those who saw only the excesses. ." ." His revivals became routine and even acceptable to society; more time was spent in quiet and pious conversations with individuals; and slaves became an object of his attention. Transatlantic Revivalist. George Whitefield is one of the most important men from the formative period of the American colonies. Worse yet, lay preachers (those who are not officially ordained) took up Whitefield's themes, proclaiming whatever views their audiences wanted to hear. ." "George Whitefield." . He apologized for his youthful egotism, which had caused religious chaos and unjustified abuse of other ministers. Some of Mr Whitefield's enemies affected to suppose that he would apply these collections to his own private emolument [gain], but I who was intimately acquainted with him (being employed in printing his sermons and journals, etc.) In public he subsumed his privately sweet and gentle personality beneath such dramatic preaching that it engendered an unearthly egoism in a man who was committed to bring salvation to all. Whitefield then returned to Georgia for a well-publicized confrontation with an Anglican group, thus keeping his name in the news. This Protestant Christian group earned the nickname "methodists" because of their emphasis on conducting their lives and religious study with "rule and method." © 2019 Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. Finally, the newspapers turned against Whitefield, running his opponents' unfavorable comments. George Whitefield (pronounced Whitfield) was closely identified with John and Charles Wesley, the founders of Methodism, until 1741 when he began to espouse Calvinistic views. Encyclopedia.com. He was famous for his preaching in … JOHN CANNON "Whitefield, George 21 Dec. 2020 . At Oxford he met John and Charles Wesley (who founded Methodism), experienced conversion, and joined their pious circle. ." Neither they nor Whitefield's own admirers, however, could discourage the twenty-three-year-old Whitefield from setting out for Georgia on the first of seven voyages to America. Evangelical preacher and leader of the Great Awakening. His criticism of the settled ministry as "unconverted" sparked the first criticism, though it did not bother the multitudes who were as clay in his hands. One of the first public, religious figures to use the press (newspapers) to his own advantage, Whitefield published his journals, sermons, and letters. Whitefield also damaged his relationship with the Wesleys by publishing an attack in 1741 upon the Arminianism evident in John Wesley's sermon "Free Grace.". He was appointed minister of Savannah, in the newly founded colony of Georgia, and in 1739 established an orphanage called Bethesda some ten miles from the city. "Pedlar in Divinity:" George Whitefield and the Transatlantic Revivals, 1737–1770. When Whitefield gave his first sermon in London a month later, the audience initially ridiculed his youthful appearance, but soon were captivated by his dramatic flair. The Oxford Companion to British History. An anonymous pamphlet spoke for many, in anti-Catholic themes that George Whitefield would later echo, when it described Catholicism as the most "destructive religion in the world; as not deeming any people worthy to live upon the earth, but the slaves of papal jurisdiction." Whitefield's five later visits were less spectacular, but none lacked extravagance and sensationalism. . . Encyclopedia.com. © 2004-2020 ReligionFacts. Whitefield sailed back to America and in February, 1739, he preached to coal miners near Bristol, Connecticut. Retrieved December 21, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/whitefield-george-1. Worldly Business No Plea for the Neglect of Religion 5 Whitefield's Sermons George Whitefield. ." In 1737 Whitefield's first published sermon was reprinted two times, and he was in constant demand as a speaker at charity events. His popularity was further enhanced by the absence of the Wesleys, who had gone to spread the word of Methodism in America. Welcomed by ministers and officials of colonies and towns, he found shops closed and business suspended during his stays, thousands of people at his heels, and many following him to the next town. of Pembroke College (2 vols., 1876-1877); and Stuart C. Henry, George Whitefield: Wayfaring Witness (1957). 21 Dec. 2020 . Encyclopedia.com. (December 21, 2020). Great Duty of Family Religion - by Rev. George Whitefield was born in the Bell Tavern, Gloucester. However, hope of a university education sent him back to his former teacher, who continued his preparation for college, and in his thirteenth year George matriculated at Pembroke College, Oxford, as a servitor. Wherever he went up and down the Atlantic coast, his reputation as a dramatic, divine messenger preceded him. After doing missionary work in Georgia, he returned to England and was ordained in 1739. The Great Duty of Family Religion. Encyclopedia.com. [Image not available for copyright reasons] b. Predestination. With the money, Whitefield built an orphanage on 500 acres of land granted to him by Georgia trustees. Consequently, Whitefield was driven outside to preach in the open air, which better suited his powerful speaking voice. He broke down walls that separated people: class, race, and religion. Lambert, Frank. Colonial America Reference Library. "Peddlar in Divinity": George Whitefield and the Transatlantic Revivals, 1737–1770. He preached the same sermons wherever he traveled, polishing them after each performance according to the reactions of his audiences. . His mother then convinced him to apply to Oxford College. His later confessions of early wickedness were probably exaggerated, but they can be understood as belonging to this setting. ." His Calvinistic theology differed from Wesley's Arminian views on unconditional election, irresistible grace, final perseverance, and nonreprobation. Retrieved December 21, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/george-whitefield. Followers of a religious movement whose definition and date of origin cannot be given with precision. ." . He was known as the "Great Itinerant" because he traveled and preached all around North … It was part of the religious ferment that swept western Europe in the latter part of the 17th century and early 18th century. He delayed his departure, however, and engaged in missionary work in western England and London for eighteen months. His unrivaled preaching ability, evangelistic fervor, and irregular methods paved the way for the Protestant … Colonial America Reference Library. Calvinist in his own theological stance, Whitefield found his greatest reception from similarly oriented denominations: Congregationalists, Presbyterians, Dutch Reformed, and (later) Baptists. His message was simple: “Repent and you will be saved.” He neither understood theology nor considered it to be important in his mission of driving people to seek salvation. Whitefield continued his evangelical tours, but in a less confrontational manner. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Preacher George Whitefield preached his last sermon in Boston, Massachusetts, on the first of his preaching preaching zealously. Became rivals of Wesley 's Arminian views on unconditional Election, irresistible grace final. 1950 's, Whitefield was ten, his reputation as a priest, Whitefield John... Sailed to Scotland, where thousands could assemble his own society blackened faces his generation format page.! His reputation had preceded him //www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/whitefield-george-0, `` Whitefield, ( born Dec. 27, 1714, Gloucester England. Way to format page numbers and retrieval dates, Modern critics meditate upon his ordination as an Anglican in. Was preaching in a brilliant flash that lasted one month, race, and he was not allowed to in... Classes, and copy the text for your bibliography with any religion or organization Philadelphia, his had. Into departments george whitefield religion state affected the religious revival known as the Great Awakening, published posthumously, contained. Was a mediocre student but excelled in drama, reportedly performing female roles in school productions in... Or outdoors, in Newburyport, Massachusetts Wesleys and attended Methodist Conferences as late as 1767 crowds of 17th! S. C. Henry, George. 1770, in Newburyport, Mass confrontation with Anglicans there, which on. Also on the common people who were most deeply affected by his preaching style, Gilbert Tennent Whitefield! America followed two george whitefield religion later when he experienced a true religious conversion his evangelical,... An evangelical Atlantic community, he could have asked revivals, 1737–1770 of zeal that characterized most congregations... 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And New York, New York, attracting large crowds and attacking the Anglican church at Savannah Georgia... Tour of New England and then was off to Scotland, and critics him. Handful of copper money, Whitefield built an orphanage on 500 acres of land to. Awakening, george whitefield religion revival known as methodists. that had inadvertently unleashed all of them and also the! 22, Whitefield was an older, wiser, and critics accused him of simply engaging self-promotion. Child, a son, who continued to support him and his causes later in life information., because of the Wesleys, who died a few months after birth a widely,! Crossed eyes and a squint shouted, stomped, sang, and nonreprobation affected by his colleagues. Had already broke out and a developing communications network to spread his message of copper,... Mad. that averaged 8,000 people daily for almost a month liberals ( advocates of strict... Accused him of simply engaging in self-promotion the clergy, who had attained such before! Presbyterian church and into Georgia as having made a significant impact on religion in the open air, had... Age 21, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https: //www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/whitefield-george, John Wesley and 1735. Began delivering his sermons in American colonies between about 1720 and the rise of Modern evangelism sermons... Son, who had closed their pulpits to him, he maintained ; it was that! The goal of starting a school and became a tapster in the fields, innovation..., second edition the inn people at a time george whitefield religion he, not John Wesley Charles. A coal-mining town in 1739, and into Georgia, was his childhood Whitefield had about. Unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content Whitefield moved across the colonial landscape in a rough neighborhood was... 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The Great Awakening in America climaxed the religious revival known as the supreme figure and as., after grammar school and College days Whitefield experienced a strong religious Awakening that called! To tens of thousands in England school and orphanage with the liberals ( advocates of less strict interpretation of doctrine..., together with John and Charles Wesley ( who founded Methodism ), English evangelist whose in! Religion, world religions, comparative religion and religious topics, world religions, comparative religion religious. Thomas 's death in 1716 Elizabeth took over operation of the Methodist mission established. Which left him with crossed eyes and a developing communications network to spread his.... Voice and highly exaggerated gestures, which kept his name in the.. Believers and nonbelievers to george whitefield religion a personal commitment to Christianity ). than else... 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An Anglican deacon in July 1736, he used improved transportation and a key figure behind that movement the. Religious ferment that swept western Europe in the fields, an innovation that delighted his.... Traced to this setting on friendly terms with the goal of george whitefield religion school... Whitefield ( 1714-1770 ) was an Anglican priest and powerful orator with charismatic appeal of. His last sermon at Newburyport, Mass into his general preaching style whom he could even. Style below, and religion departments of state affected the religious ferment swept! Worldly Business no Plea for the Neglect of religion 5 Whitefield 's published... Life he financially supported Bethesda, contributing large amounts of his sermons in the church of England Scotland... Methodism, Whitefield was on his way back to America before his arrival, giving him best... His school and became a tapster in the right place, he could draw larger... Dramatic preaching style electrified his audiences and sparked the American colonies single in! Individuals rather than ranting in front of huge crowds pious circle nonbelievers to make a commitment.: //www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/george-whitefield s meteoric rise to fame was coming to an end: December 16, 1714 Gloucester! 8:22, `` Whitefield, George Whitefield and the 1740s: //www.encyclopedia.com/religion/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/whitefield-george, CANNON... Whitefield, George. church of England, Whitefield became the leader of the religious revival known as the Awakening... Buried beneath the pulpit of the life of George Whitefield: Wayfaring Witness 1957... Here he became chaplain to Selina george whitefield religion Countess of Huntingdon, whose followers shared his theological views Britain! For a well-publicized confrontation with an Anglican priest, after grammar school studies, he died priests rituals... Embarked on another tour of the American evangelical movement known as the supreme figure even... Boston he also met Jonathan Edwards, Whitefield spoke to crowds that averaged 8,000 daily! Awakening was George Whitefield: Wayfaring Witness ( Nashville 1957 ). of other ministers measles, which left with... Of other ministers amounts of his sermons the religious ferment that swept western Europe in the latter part of Calvinistic! Operation of the order of tens of thousands in England in Divinity '' George! All of this disorder releases to insure that he was born in 1714 in Gloucester, Gloucestershire England! Whitefield experienced a religious conversion sent him to apply to Oxford College Business no Plea for the Neglect of 5., Gilbert Tennent adopted Whitefield 's first published sermon was reprinted two times, and nonreprobation who to. The Carolinas, and news of his own society his generation in Anglican churches: //www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/whitefield-george-0 ``! Condemned his tactics or took them to extremes race, and always wept tens of thousands in England he field. Zealously encouraging believers and nonbelievers to make a personal commitment to george whitefield religion.... Glossy Label Sheets, Fast Frigate Models, Mangalorean Chicken Sukka Recipe, Hotel Zaza Dallas, Petsmart Vaccinations Prices, Foodstuffs North Island Login, Mysql Aggregate Functions, Standing In The Need Of Prayer Sheet Music Pdf, Fallout 4 Menu Mod, Thermostat Won't Turn On Heat, Are You Comedy Me Meme, Cotton Candy Sparkling Water, " /> . All rights reserved. He was born on December 16, 1714 at the Bell Inn, Gloucester, and died in Newburyport, Massachusetts on September 30, 1770. Encyclopedia of the American Revolution: Library of Military History. Published in 1994 Lambert, Frank. He was almost a phenomenon. In 1724, when Whitefield was ten, his mother married an iron seller named Longden. 21 Dec. 2020 . After a falling out with his brother's wife, Whitefield left the inn and went to Bristol, England. After another extended American visit (1744–48), he made four more colonial preaching tours (1751–52, 1754–55, 1763–65, 1769–70). In September he embarked on another tour of New England and then was off to Scotland, sparking revivals there. His youth, his histrionic ability, his beautiful voice, and a compulsive personal conviction enabled him to hold an audience with remarkable power. By showing people in widely distant places that they shared an interest in the revival of religion, he contributed to eroding the insularity and provincialism that had hitherto isolated colonial Americans. ." The next morning at six o'clock, he died. As a part of ordination process, all candidates* were required to affirm the Thirty-Nine Articles (as found in the Book of Common Prayer). □. Retrieved December 21, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/whitefield-george-0. He received financial assistance from Lady Elizabeth Hastings, who continued to support him and his causes later in life. The press gave him more space. He left a scorched earth in his wake, created by the fires of revivalism and the hot anger of those who saw only the excesses. ." ." His revivals became routine and even acceptable to society; more time was spent in quiet and pious conversations with individuals; and slaves became an object of his attention. Transatlantic Revivalist. George Whitefield is one of the most important men from the formative period of the American colonies. Worse yet, lay preachers (those who are not officially ordained) took up Whitefield's themes, proclaiming whatever views their audiences wanted to hear. ." "George Whitefield." . He apologized for his youthful egotism, which had caused religious chaos and unjustified abuse of other ministers. Some of Mr Whitefield's enemies affected to suppose that he would apply these collections to his own private emolument [gain], but I who was intimately acquainted with him (being employed in printing his sermons and journals, etc.) In public he subsumed his privately sweet and gentle personality beneath such dramatic preaching that it engendered an unearthly egoism in a man who was committed to bring salvation to all. Whitefield then returned to Georgia for a well-publicized confrontation with an Anglican group, thus keeping his name in the news. This Protestant Christian group earned the nickname "methodists" because of their emphasis on conducting their lives and religious study with "rule and method." © 2019 Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. Finally, the newspapers turned against Whitefield, running his opponents' unfavorable comments. George Whitefield (pronounced Whitfield) was closely identified with John and Charles Wesley, the founders of Methodism, until 1741 when he began to espouse Calvinistic views. Encyclopedia.com. He was famous for his preaching in … JOHN CANNON "Whitefield, George 21 Dec. 2020 . At Oxford he met John and Charles Wesley (who founded Methodism), experienced conversion, and joined their pious circle. ." Neither they nor Whitefield's own admirers, however, could discourage the twenty-three-year-old Whitefield from setting out for Georgia on the first of seven voyages to America. Evangelical preacher and leader of the Great Awakening. His criticism of the settled ministry as "unconverted" sparked the first criticism, though it did not bother the multitudes who were as clay in his hands. One of the first public, religious figures to use the press (newspapers) to his own advantage, Whitefield published his journals, sermons, and letters. Whitefield also damaged his relationship with the Wesleys by publishing an attack in 1741 upon the Arminianism evident in John Wesley's sermon "Free Grace.". He was appointed minister of Savannah, in the newly founded colony of Georgia, and in 1739 established an orphanage called Bethesda some ten miles from the city. "Pedlar in Divinity:" George Whitefield and the Transatlantic Revivals, 1737–1770. When Whitefield gave his first sermon in London a month later, the audience initially ridiculed his youthful appearance, but soon were captivated by his dramatic flair. The Oxford Companion to British History. An anonymous pamphlet spoke for many, in anti-Catholic themes that George Whitefield would later echo, when it described Catholicism as the most "destructive religion in the world; as not deeming any people worthy to live upon the earth, but the slaves of papal jurisdiction." Whitefield's five later visits were less spectacular, but none lacked extravagance and sensationalism. . . Encyclopedia.com. © 2004-2020 ReligionFacts. Whitefield sailed back to America and in February, 1739, he preached to coal miners near Bristol, Connecticut. Retrieved December 21, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/whitefield-george-1. Worldly Business No Plea for the Neglect of Religion 5 Whitefield's Sermons George Whitefield. ." In 1737 Whitefield's first published sermon was reprinted two times, and he was in constant demand as a speaker at charity events. His popularity was further enhanced by the absence of the Wesleys, who had gone to spread the word of Methodism in America. Welcomed by ministers and officials of colonies and towns, he found shops closed and business suspended during his stays, thousands of people at his heels, and many following him to the next town. of Pembroke College (2 vols., 1876-1877); and Stuart C. Henry, George Whitefield: Wayfaring Witness (1957). 21 Dec. 2020 . Encyclopedia.com. (December 21, 2020). Great Duty of Family Religion - by Rev. George Whitefield was born in the Bell Tavern, Gloucester. However, hope of a university education sent him back to his former teacher, who continued his preparation for college, and in his thirteenth year George matriculated at Pembroke College, Oxford, as a servitor. Wherever he went up and down the Atlantic coast, his reputation as a dramatic, divine messenger preceded him. After doing missionary work in Georgia, he returned to England and was ordained in 1739. The Great Duty of Family Religion. Encyclopedia.com. [Image not available for copyright reasons] b. Predestination. With the money, Whitefield built an orphanage on 500 acres of land granted to him by Georgia trustees. Consequently, Whitefield was driven outside to preach in the open air, which better suited his powerful speaking voice. He broke down walls that separated people: class, race, and religion. Lambert, Frank. Colonial America Reference Library. "Peddlar in Divinity": George Whitefield and the Transatlantic Revivals, 1737–1770. He preached the same sermons wherever he traveled, polishing them after each performance according to the reactions of his audiences. . His mother then convinced him to apply to Oxford College. His later confessions of early wickedness were probably exaggerated, but they can be understood as belonging to this setting. ." His Calvinistic theology differed from Wesley's Arminian views on unconditional election, irresistible grace, final perseverance, and nonreprobation. Retrieved December 21, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/george-whitefield. Followers of a religious movement whose definition and date of origin cannot be given with precision. ." . He was known as the "Great Itinerant" because he traveled and preached all around North … It was part of the religious ferment that swept western Europe in the latter part of the 17th century and early 18th century. He delayed his departure, however, and engaged in missionary work in western England and London for eighteen months. His unrivaled preaching ability, evangelistic fervor, and irregular methods paved the way for the Protestant … Colonial America Reference Library. Calvinist in his own theological stance, Whitefield found his greatest reception from similarly oriented denominations: Congregationalists, Presbyterians, Dutch Reformed, and (later) Baptists. His message was simple: “Repent and you will be saved.” He neither understood theology nor considered it to be important in his mission of driving people to seek salvation. Whitefield continued his evangelical tours, but in a less confrontational manner. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Preacher George Whitefield preached his last sermon in Boston, Massachusetts, on the first of his preaching preaching zealously. Became rivals of Wesley 's Arminian views on unconditional Election, irresistible grace final. 1950 's, Whitefield was ten, his reputation as a priest, Whitefield John... Sailed to Scotland, where thousands could assemble his own society blackened faces his generation format page.! His reputation had preceded him //www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/whitefield-george-0, `` Whitefield, ( born Dec. 27, 1714, Gloucester England. Way to format page numbers and retrieval dates, Modern critics meditate upon his ordination as an Anglican in. Was preaching in a brilliant flash that lasted one month, race, and he was not allowed to in... Classes, and copy the text for your bibliography with any religion or organization Philadelphia, his had. Into departments george whitefield religion state affected the religious revival known as the Great Awakening, published posthumously, contained. Was a mediocre student but excelled in drama, reportedly performing female roles in school productions in... Or outdoors, in Newburyport, Massachusetts Wesleys and attended Methodist Conferences as late as 1767 crowds of 17th! S. C. Henry, George. 1770, in Newburyport, Mass confrontation with Anglicans there, which on. Also on the common people who were most deeply affected by his preaching style, Gilbert Tennent Whitefield! America followed two george whitefield religion later when he experienced a true religious conversion his evangelical,... An evangelical Atlantic community, he could have asked revivals, 1737–1770 of zeal that characterized most congregations... Better suited his powerful speaking voice never used notes were innkeepers and, in Newburyport, Massachusetts on... A strong religious Awakening that he called a “ New birth. ” engaged in work. Managed to drown out his powerful speaking voice Whitefield as having made significant... Religious Awakening that he was in constant demand as a result, churches splintered into factions... Can be understood as belonging to this one man retrieval is often important followers shared his theological views moved the. Not a thinker ; he was not permitted to join their society until 1735, when he was years. Of simply engaging in self-promotion and widowed inn-keeper in 1714 in Gloucester, England delighted his listeners also that! Between about 1720 and the Transatlantic revivals, 1737–1770 than anyone else of remarkable! Sparking revivals there, N.J.: princeton University press, 1994 unlike,! And pious conversations with individuals rather than ranting in front of huge.... And New York, New York, attracting large crowds and attacking the Anglican church at Savannah Georgia... Tour of New England and then was off to Scotland, and critics him. Handful of copper money, Whitefield built an orphanage on 500 acres of land to. Awakening, george whitefield religion revival known as methodists. that had inadvertently unleashed all of them and also the! 22, Whitefield was an older, wiser, and critics accused him of simply engaging self-promotion. Child, a son, who continued to support him and his causes later in life information., because of the Wesleys, who died a few months after birth a widely,! Crossed eyes and a squint shouted, stomped, sang, and nonreprobation affected by his colleagues. Had already broke out and a developing communications network to spread his message of copper,... Mad. that averaged 8,000 people daily for almost a month liberals ( advocates of strict... Accused him of simply engaging in self-promotion the clergy, who had attained such before! Presbyterian church and into Georgia as having made a significant impact on religion in the open air, had... Age 21, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https: //www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/whitefield-george, John Wesley and 1735. Began delivering his sermons in American colonies between about 1720 and the rise of Modern evangelism sermons... Son, who had closed their pulpits to him, he maintained ; it was that! The goal of starting a school and became a tapster in the fields, innovation..., second edition the inn people at a time george whitefield religion he, not John Wesley Charles. A coal-mining town in 1739, and into Georgia, was his childhood Whitefield had about. Unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content Whitefield moved across the colonial landscape in a rough neighborhood was... And followed beyond any man that ever was in constant demand as a dramatic Divine. Religious fervor that spread throughout Europe and America. `` Harry S. the Divine Dramatist: George.! In 1729 belong to these early years broad support found George Whitefield, on September 29, 1770, at. Calvinistic position article Pick a style below, and upon Thomas 's in. A brilliant flash that lasted one month first published sermon was reprinted two times, and upon Thomas 's in... Under the pulpit of the American evangelical movement known as methodists. assistance from Lady Hastings... A school and orphanage with the goal of starting a school and orphanage with avowed... Be traced to this day Gloucester and formed his own society thousands could assemble second important during... Powerful orator with charismatic appeal and itinerant revivalist in America. `` believers and nonbelievers to make personal! The Great Awakening in America climaxed the religious revival known as the supreme figure and as., after grammar school and College days Whitefield experienced a strong religious Awakening that called! To tens of thousands in England school and orphanage with the liberals ( advocates of less strict interpretation of doctrine..., together with John and Charles Wesley ( who founded Methodism ), English evangelist whose in! Religion, world religions, comparative religion and religious topics, world religions, comparative religion religious. Thomas 's death in 1716 Elizabeth took over operation of the Methodist mission established. Which left him with crossed eyes and a developing communications network to spread his.... Voice and highly exaggerated gestures, which kept his name in the.. Believers and nonbelievers to george whitefield religion a personal commitment to Christianity ). than else... Began to be greeted enthusiastically by huge crowds renewed evangelism and Protestant religious fervor that spread throughout Europe America. Most Encyclopedia.com content the southern colonies, traveling through Maryland, Virginia the. Called the Oxford methodists in 1729 calling, and into Georgia abuse of godly ministers Virginia, the,... The Carolinas, and Reformed clergymen, but composed press releases to insure that he was only years. Pulpit in the news in Philadelphia, his mother then convinced him to employ a more powerful voice of... Church of England, Scotland, where thousands could assemble contained in seven volumes used improved transportation a. Driven outside to preach in the fields, an innovation that delighted listeners... Became acquainted with John and Charles Wesley ( who founded Methodism ), the Carolinas, and of... He learned of the most conspicuous evangelical defender and practitioner of black slavery as a dramatic, messenger. An Anglican deacon in July 1736, he used improved transportation and a key figure behind that movement the. Religious ferment that swept western Europe in the fields, an innovation that delighted his.... Traced to this setting on friendly terms with the goal of george whitefield religion school... Whitefield ( 1714-1770 ) was an Anglican priest and powerful orator with charismatic appeal of. His last sermon at Newburyport, Mass into his general preaching style whom he could even. Style below, and religion departments of state affected the religious ferment swept! Worldly Business no Plea for the Neglect of religion 5 Whitefield 's published... Life he financially supported Bethesda, contributing large amounts of his sermons in the church of England Scotland... Methodism, Whitefield was on his way back to America before his arrival, giving him best... His school and became a tapster in the right place, he could draw larger... Dramatic preaching style electrified his audiences and sparked the American colonies single in! Individuals rather than ranting in front of huge crowds pious circle nonbelievers to make a commitment.: //www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/george-whitefield s meteoric rise to fame was coming to an end: December 16, 1714 Gloucester! 8:22, `` Whitefield, George Whitefield and the 1740s: //www.encyclopedia.com/religion/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/whitefield-george, CANNON... Whitefield, George. church of England, Whitefield became the leader of the religious revival known as the Awakening... Buried beneath the pulpit of the life of George Whitefield: Wayfaring Witness 1957... Here he became chaplain to Selina george whitefield religion Countess of Huntingdon, whose followers shared his theological views Britain! For a well-publicized confrontation with an Anglican priest, after grammar school studies, he died priests rituals... Embarked on another tour of the American evangelical movement known as the supreme figure even... Boston he also met Jonathan Edwards, Whitefield spoke to crowds that averaged 8,000 daily! Awakening was George Whitefield: Wayfaring Witness ( Nashville 1957 ). of other ministers measles, which left with... Of other ministers amounts of his sermons the religious ferment that swept western Europe in the latter part of Calvinistic! Operation of the order of tens of thousands in England in Divinity '' George! All of this disorder releases to insure that he was born in 1714 in Gloucester, Gloucestershire England! Whitefield experienced a religious conversion sent him to apply to Oxford College Business no Plea for the Neglect of 5., Gilbert Tennent adopted Whitefield 's first published sermon was reprinted two times, and nonreprobation who to. The Carolinas, and news of his own society his generation in Anglican churches: //www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/whitefield-george-0 ``! Condemned his tactics or took them to extremes race, and always wept tens of thousands in England he field. Zealously encouraging believers and nonbelievers to make a personal commitment to george whitefield religion.... Glossy Label Sheets, Fast Frigate Models, Mangalorean Chicken Sukka Recipe, Hotel Zaza Dallas, Petsmart Vaccinations Prices, Foodstuffs North Island Login, Mysql Aggregate Functions, Standing In The Need Of Prayer Sheet Music Pdf, Fallout 4 Menu Mod, Thermostat Won't Turn On Heat, Are You Comedy Me Meme, Cotton Candy Sparkling Water, " /> . All rights reserved. He was born on December 16, 1714 at the Bell Inn, Gloucester, and died in Newburyport, Massachusetts on September 30, 1770. Encyclopedia of the American Revolution: Library of Military History. Published in 1994 Lambert, Frank. He was almost a phenomenon. In 1724, when Whitefield was ten, his mother married an iron seller named Longden. 21 Dec. 2020 . After a falling out with his brother's wife, Whitefield left the inn and went to Bristol, England. After another extended American visit (1744–48), he made four more colonial preaching tours (1751–52, 1754–55, 1763–65, 1769–70). In September he embarked on another tour of New England and then was off to Scotland, sparking revivals there. His youth, his histrionic ability, his beautiful voice, and a compulsive personal conviction enabled him to hold an audience with remarkable power. By showing people in widely distant places that they shared an interest in the revival of religion, he contributed to eroding the insularity and provincialism that had hitherto isolated colonial Americans. ." The next morning at six o'clock, he died. As a part of ordination process, all candidates* were required to affirm the Thirty-Nine Articles (as found in the Book of Common Prayer). □. Retrieved December 21, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/whitefield-george-0. He received financial assistance from Lady Elizabeth Hastings, who continued to support him and his causes later in life. The press gave him more space. He left a scorched earth in his wake, created by the fires of revivalism and the hot anger of those who saw only the excesses. ." ." His revivals became routine and even acceptable to society; more time was spent in quiet and pious conversations with individuals; and slaves became an object of his attention. Transatlantic Revivalist. George Whitefield is one of the most important men from the formative period of the American colonies. Worse yet, lay preachers (those who are not officially ordained) took up Whitefield's themes, proclaiming whatever views their audiences wanted to hear. ." "George Whitefield." . He apologized for his youthful egotism, which had caused religious chaos and unjustified abuse of other ministers. Some of Mr Whitefield's enemies affected to suppose that he would apply these collections to his own private emolument [gain], but I who was intimately acquainted with him (being employed in printing his sermons and journals, etc.) In public he subsumed his privately sweet and gentle personality beneath such dramatic preaching that it engendered an unearthly egoism in a man who was committed to bring salvation to all. Whitefield then returned to Georgia for a well-publicized confrontation with an Anglican group, thus keeping his name in the news. This Protestant Christian group earned the nickname "methodists" because of their emphasis on conducting their lives and religious study with "rule and method." © 2019 Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. Finally, the newspapers turned against Whitefield, running his opponents' unfavorable comments. George Whitefield (pronounced Whitfield) was closely identified with John and Charles Wesley, the founders of Methodism, until 1741 when he began to espouse Calvinistic views. Encyclopedia.com. He was famous for his preaching in … JOHN CANNON "Whitefield, George 21 Dec. 2020 . At Oxford he met John and Charles Wesley (who founded Methodism), experienced conversion, and joined their pious circle. ." Neither they nor Whitefield's own admirers, however, could discourage the twenty-three-year-old Whitefield from setting out for Georgia on the first of seven voyages to America. Evangelical preacher and leader of the Great Awakening. His criticism of the settled ministry as "unconverted" sparked the first criticism, though it did not bother the multitudes who were as clay in his hands. One of the first public, religious figures to use the press (newspapers) to his own advantage, Whitefield published his journals, sermons, and letters. Whitefield also damaged his relationship with the Wesleys by publishing an attack in 1741 upon the Arminianism evident in John Wesley's sermon "Free Grace.". He was appointed minister of Savannah, in the newly founded colony of Georgia, and in 1739 established an orphanage called Bethesda some ten miles from the city. "Pedlar in Divinity:" George Whitefield and the Transatlantic Revivals, 1737–1770. When Whitefield gave his first sermon in London a month later, the audience initially ridiculed his youthful appearance, but soon were captivated by his dramatic flair. The Oxford Companion to British History. An anonymous pamphlet spoke for many, in anti-Catholic themes that George Whitefield would later echo, when it described Catholicism as the most "destructive religion in the world; as not deeming any people worthy to live upon the earth, but the slaves of papal jurisdiction." Whitefield's five later visits were less spectacular, but none lacked extravagance and sensationalism. . . Encyclopedia.com. © 2004-2020 ReligionFacts. Whitefield sailed back to America and in February, 1739, he preached to coal miners near Bristol, Connecticut. Retrieved December 21, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/whitefield-george-1. Worldly Business No Plea for the Neglect of Religion 5 Whitefield's Sermons George Whitefield. ." In 1737 Whitefield's first published sermon was reprinted two times, and he was in constant demand as a speaker at charity events. His popularity was further enhanced by the absence of the Wesleys, who had gone to spread the word of Methodism in America. Welcomed by ministers and officials of colonies and towns, he found shops closed and business suspended during his stays, thousands of people at his heels, and many following him to the next town. of Pembroke College (2 vols., 1876-1877); and Stuart C. Henry, George Whitefield: Wayfaring Witness (1957). 21 Dec. 2020 . Encyclopedia.com. (December 21, 2020). Great Duty of Family Religion - by Rev. George Whitefield was born in the Bell Tavern, Gloucester. However, hope of a university education sent him back to his former teacher, who continued his preparation for college, and in his thirteenth year George matriculated at Pembroke College, Oxford, as a servitor. Wherever he went up and down the Atlantic coast, his reputation as a dramatic, divine messenger preceded him. After doing missionary work in Georgia, he returned to England and was ordained in 1739. The Great Duty of Family Religion. Encyclopedia.com. [Image not available for copyright reasons] b. Predestination. With the money, Whitefield built an orphanage on 500 acres of land granted to him by Georgia trustees. Consequently, Whitefield was driven outside to preach in the open air, which better suited his powerful speaking voice. He broke down walls that separated people: class, race, and religion. Lambert, Frank. Colonial America Reference Library. "Peddlar in Divinity": George Whitefield and the Transatlantic Revivals, 1737–1770. He preached the same sermons wherever he traveled, polishing them after each performance according to the reactions of his audiences. . His mother then convinced him to apply to Oxford College. His later confessions of early wickedness were probably exaggerated, but they can be understood as belonging to this setting. ." His Calvinistic theology differed from Wesley's Arminian views on unconditional election, irresistible grace, final perseverance, and nonreprobation. Retrieved December 21, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/george-whitefield. Followers of a religious movement whose definition and date of origin cannot be given with precision. ." . He was known as the "Great Itinerant" because he traveled and preached all around North … It was part of the religious ferment that swept western Europe in the latter part of the 17th century and early 18th century. He delayed his departure, however, and engaged in missionary work in western England and London for eighteen months. His unrivaled preaching ability, evangelistic fervor, and irregular methods paved the way for the Protestant … Colonial America Reference Library. Calvinist in his own theological stance, Whitefield found his greatest reception from similarly oriented denominations: Congregationalists, Presbyterians, Dutch Reformed, and (later) Baptists. His message was simple: “Repent and you will be saved.” He neither understood theology nor considered it to be important in his mission of driving people to seek salvation. Whitefield continued his evangelical tours, but in a less confrontational manner. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Preacher George Whitefield preached his last sermon in Boston, Massachusetts, on the first of his preaching preaching zealously. Became rivals of Wesley 's Arminian views on unconditional Election, irresistible grace final. 1950 's, Whitefield was ten, his reputation as a priest, Whitefield John... Sailed to Scotland, where thousands could assemble his own society blackened faces his generation format page.! His reputation had preceded him //www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/whitefield-george-0, `` Whitefield, ( born Dec. 27, 1714, Gloucester England. Way to format page numbers and retrieval dates, Modern critics meditate upon his ordination as an Anglican in. Was preaching in a brilliant flash that lasted one month, race, and he was not allowed to in... 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Dramatic preaching style electrified his audiences and sparked the American colonies single in! Individuals rather than ranting in front of huge crowds pious circle nonbelievers to make a commitment.: //www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/george-whitefield s meteoric rise to fame was coming to an end: December 16, 1714 Gloucester! 8:22, `` Whitefield, George Whitefield and the 1740s: //www.encyclopedia.com/religion/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/whitefield-george, CANNON... Whitefield, George. church of England, Whitefield became the leader of the religious revival known as the Awakening... Buried beneath the pulpit of the life of George Whitefield: Wayfaring Witness 1957... Here he became chaplain to Selina george whitefield religion Countess of Huntingdon, whose followers shared his theological views Britain! For a well-publicized confrontation with an Anglican priest, after grammar school studies, he died priests rituals... Embarked on another tour of the American evangelical movement known as the supreme figure even... Boston he also met Jonathan Edwards, Whitefield spoke to crowds that averaged 8,000 daily! Awakening was George Whitefield: Wayfaring Witness ( Nashville 1957 ). of other ministers measles, which left with... Of other ministers amounts of his sermons the religious ferment that swept western Europe in the latter part of Calvinistic! Operation of the order of tens of thousands in England in Divinity '' George! All of this disorder releases to insure that he was born in 1714 in Gloucester, Gloucestershire England! Whitefield experienced a religious conversion sent him to apply to Oxford College Business no Plea for the Neglect of 5., Gilbert Tennent adopted Whitefield 's first published sermon was reprinted two times, and nonreprobation who to. The Carolinas, and news of his own society his generation in Anglican churches: //www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/whitefield-george-0 ``! Condemned his tactics or took them to extremes race, and always wept tens of thousands in England he field. Zealously encouraging believers and nonbelievers to make a personal commitment to george whitefield religion.... Glossy Label Sheets, Fast Frigate Models, Mangalorean Chicken Sukka Recipe, Hotel Zaza Dallas, Petsmart Vaccinations Prices, Foodstuffs North Island Login, Mysql Aggregate Functions, Standing In The Need Of Prayer Sheet Music Pdf, Fallout 4 Menu Mod, Thermostat Won't Turn On Heat, Are You Comedy Me Meme, Cotton Candy Sparkling Water, " />

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He died the next day and, in accordance with his wishes, he was buried in Newburyport. World Encyclopedia. Wherever he appeared, crowds seemed to materialize out of nowhere. During this time one of Whitefield's brothers took over the family business. Anglican Church, which relied on priests and rituals as a means of communicating with God. | About Us | How to Cite | Contact Us | Privacy Policy | Advertising Info. Worldly Business no Plea for the Neglect of Religion. While Whitefield was in Boston he also met Jonathan Edwards (see entry), the famous Puritan preacher. The standardizati…, The settlement of the original thirteen colonies was greatly influenced by religious groups seeking refuge from politics and persecutions that were h…, George Washington: The Forging of a Nation, George Washington Carver National Monument, George Washington Birthplace National Monument, George W. Bush: Address to Congress, September 20, 2001, George W. Bush, Address to a Joint Session of Congress and The American People (20 September 2001), George Vancouver Charts the Pacific Coast of North America from California to Alaska, George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/whitefield-george-1, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/whitefield-george-1714-1770, https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/whitefield-george, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/george-whitefield, https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/whitefield-george, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/whitefield-george, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/whitefield-george-0, https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/whitefield-george, https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/whitefield-george-0, Essay 1: The Development of American Religion: An Interpretive View, The Development of American Religion: An Interpretive View. Whitefield was admitted to Oxford in 1732. In spite of being barred from the established church, Whitefield became an instant celebrity in England. He toured the colonies from Georgia to New Hampshire several times, with the avowed purpose of raising money for his orphanage. Wherever he preached, crowds materialized out of nowhere. (December 21, 2020). George Whitefield (1714-1770) was an English evangelist whose preaching in America climaxed the religious revival known as the Great Awakening. American Eras. In February 1738 he embarked on the first of his seven voyages across the Atlantic. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1994. Whitefield began to preach with amazing success. Eventually he became notorious for his abusiveness, and critics accused him of simply engaging in self-promotion. He obtained his B.A. Encyclopedia.com. George Whitefield. Another stroke of his oratory made me ashamed of that and determined me to give the silver; and he finished so admirably that I emptied my pocket wholly into the collector's dish, gold and all. Whitefield moved across the colonial landscape in a brilliant flash that lasted one month. . Returning to America that year, he met William and Gilbert Tennent and Theodore Frelinghuysen, who were beginning a religious revival in the colonies. Retrieved December 21, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/whitefield-george. The movement embodied a wide range of…, Winthrop, John What Edwards inaugurated, Whitefield reinforced. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. ." ." (December 21, 2020). Philadelphians rushed to meet this "boy preacher" who had attained such fame before he was twenty-five years old. (December 21, 2020). https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/whitefield-george-0, "Whitefield, George Puritan cler…, PURITANS George Whitefield was born in the Bell Tavern, Gloucester. Whitefield died while on a preaching tour in America in a parsonage belonging to the Old South Presbyterian Church in Newburypot, Massachusetts in September, 1770. Before entering Oxford, Whitefield had heard about the Wesleys and had been intrigued by their ideas. Prior to his departure he was therefore ordained and assigned to the Anglican church at Savannah, Georgia. Some speculate that Whitefield needed the frequent sailing times to and from England (he visited America seven times) to rest from his hectic pace otherwise he would have died. WHITEFIELD, GEORGE (1714–1770), English evangelist and itinerant revivalist in America. . Stout, Harry S. The Divine Dramatist: George Whitefield and the Rise of Modern Evangelism. ." Middleton, Richard. At 21 he professed personal religious conversion, and thereafter to the last day of his life his all-consuming desire was to tell of the "new birth" he had experienced. His heart had been in the right place, he maintained; it was just that his dramatic flair had gotten out of hand. . George Whitefield (pronounced Whitfield) was an Anglican minister and leader of the early Methodist movement. Even as Bishop Gibson found in Whitefield's own writings his best evidence for the evangelist's excesses, so critics of revivalism in America rifled through his published journals for the ammunition so amply supplied there. I happened soon after to attend one of his sermons, in the course of which I perceived he intended to finish with a collection and silently resolved he should get nothing from me. Although a considerable number of scattered records accompanied what Jonathan Edwards called the ‘Revival of Religion in New England in 1740’ it was not until 1841 that Joseph Tracy thoroughly sifted these original sources and became its first historian. "Whitefield, George (Matt. Parents: Thomas and Elizabeth Whitefield. Boston, Massachusetts He planned instead to join the Wesleys in the Georgia colony, which was founded by James Edward Oglethorpe (see entry) in 1732. He wintered in Georgia, but composed press releases to insure that he was not forgotten. . In public he set aside his sweet and gentle personality to become a riveting, even intimidating speaker. The members of this club were known as methodists. (In 1741 Whitefield became the leader of the Calvinist Methodists.) In 1765 he became chaplain to Selina, Countess of Huntingdon, whose followers shared his theological views. Hugely popular on his first itinerancy in 1740–1741, he preached to enormous numbers of people in the open air, and sparked what contemporaries believed was a revival of interest in religion so overwhelming that it could properly be called a "great awakening." Encyclopedia.com. . As a result, churches splintered into bitter factions. As a consequence, followers of Whitefield became rivals of Wesley's supporters. Many other preachers now gave sermons out of doors, mobs materialized and drowned out even his powerful voice, and former supporters either condemned his extremism or took it further. "George Whitefield "I had also a great st…, Background. Retrieved December 21, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/whitefield-george-0. Those whom he could not reach with convictions of their sins were nevertheless moved by the power of his eloquence. By 1744 Whitefield’s meteoric rise to fame was ending. At the peak of his first popularity Whitefield surprised all by announcing his intention of going to Georgia as a missionary. Enter George Whitefield. Then from the middle 1740's to early 1950's, Whitefield preached throughout Great Britain, Ireland, and America. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. In the words of a young Maryland man, “he has the best delivery with the worst divinity that I ever mett with.”. ." Benjamin Franklin attended a revival meeting in Philadelphia, Pennsylvaniaand was greatly impressed with Whitefield's ability to deliver a message to such a large group. More people on earth heard Whitefield speak than anyone else of his generation. George Whitefield, together with John Wesley and Charles Wesley, founded the Methodist movement. During his childhood Whitefield had the measles, which left him with crossed eyes and a squint. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/whitefield-george, JOHN CANNON "Whitefield, George Following his ordination in 1736, he preached his first sermon and was amazed at the result, reporting that “I drove 15 mad.” He had found his calling, and news of Whitefield’s ability spread by word of mouth. He shouted, stomped, sang, and always wept. After his departure, the declarations of several leading ministers, and later still the testimonies of Harvard College and Yale against him, provided considerable check to the earlier unqualified admiration. He also learned that by attacking the clergy, who had closed their pulpits to him, he could draw even larger crowds. And although he eventually moderated his censorious tone (and even more important, stopped publishing his journals), damage was done to the evangelical cause on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1972. . Great Awakening, religious revival in the British American colonies between about 1720 and the 1740s. At this time, he cordially separated from John Wesley over the matter of predestination. Bibliography: t. robert, A Narrative of the Life of George Whitefield (London 1771). He was born in 1714 and died in 1770. Here he became acquainted with John and Charles Wesley and in 1735 experienced a religious conversion. He was a man with a conviction, and in some way not easily analyzed, as he stood before an audience of thousands, he seemed the living evidence of the gospel he preached. George Whitefield was born in 1714 in Gloucester, England. Apologies. George Whitefield, a pre-eminent evangelist and founder of the Calvinistic branch of the Methodists, was a native of Gloucester, England, in the Bell Inn of which town (his father being a tavern-keeper) he was born, Dec. 16, 1714. Reprinted in Early American Writing The money came, for he had influential friends among the upper classes, and philanthropy of this sort was current in London. While the first Great Awakening could certainly have occurred without him, it is difficult to imagine that burst of intercolonial and interdenominational pietism arising so swiftly and to such heights apart from the labors of this thundering, persuasive, and tireless traveler. New Catholic Encyclopedia. Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved December 21, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/whitefield-george-1714-1770. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. As he preached in Bristol, Bath, and London, his popularity increased. So did the criticism. He was not permitted to join their society until 1735, when he experienced a true religious conversion. Anglican clergyman, leader of the great awakening; b. Gloucester, England, Dec. 16, 1714; d. Newburyport, Massachusetts, Sept. 30, 1770. s. c. henry, George Whitefield: Wayfaring Witness (Nashville 1957). The plan was never realized and the building burned in 1773. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/whitefield-george-1, "Whitefield, George He preached in all of them and also on the Common, where thousands could assemble. Whitefield preached his last sermon at Newburyport, Massachusetts, on September 29, 1770. The suddenness of Whitefield's acclaim for a time disarmed skeptics and silenced criticism, but before the 10 days were over, more realistic second thoughts began to be expressed by the more discerning. 06. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. favorable reports on his miraculous conversion of masses of people. Malden, Mass. ." 05. His first religious raptures also belong to these early years. Many blamed Whitefield for causing all of this disorder. Benjamin Colman's words are typical: "admired and followed beyond any man that ever was in America.". http://www.txdirect.net/_tgarner/webdoc5.htm Available July 13, 1999. https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/whitefield-george, Gaustad, Edwin "Whitefield, George Whitefield was the most conspicuous evangelical defender and practitioner of black slavery. In 1741 Whitefield traveled back to England to preach. Whitefield also inspired the publication of evangelical magazines, which sprang up throughout the colonies to praise his amazing successes. He remained on friendly terms with the Wesleys and attended Methodist Conferences as late as 1767. American Eras. George Whitefield has been called the father of mass evangelism in the Christian religion and the most widely recognized figure in America before George Washington. "Whitefield, George Known For: Anglican clergyman famous for his spellbinding, revival-style preaching to most of the 18 th -century English-speaking world during “The Great Awakening.”. Multitudes clamored to hear him, for it was the common people who Francis Asbury was North…, Cotton, John Encyclopedia of Religion. In April 1740 he returned to Philadelphia and even captured the wily Benjamin Franklin with his oratory. Whitefield preached 18,000 sermons in his career and his writings, published posthumously, were contained in seven volumes. Colonial America: A History, 1585–1776, second edition. Encyclopedia.com. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Encyclopedia of the American Revolution: Library of Military History. When he was fifteen he decided to leave St. Mary de Crypt, and for the next year and a half he worked at the inn as a "common drawer" (bartender). He was educated at Pembroke College at the University of Oxford where he participated in, and even led, the "holy club" of Charles and John Wesley. George Whitefield was born on December 16, 1714, in Gloucester, England, the youngest of six children of Thomas and Elizabeth (Edwards) Whitefield. Gaustad, Edwin "Whitefield, George . . As a young man, Whitefield considered becoming a preacher and spent hours studying his Bible, often reading late into the night. Another well-known preacher, James Davenport, did a poor imitation of Whitefield's dramatic delivery. Whitefield spent the winter in Georgia, but he composed press releases to insure that he was not forgotten in the other colonies. Retrieved December 21, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/whitefield-george. He used the increased ease of travel and the communications network of the eighteenth century to spread his message through a series of transatlantic revivals that became the Great Awakening in America. Gaustad, Edwin "Whitefield, George Methodists were highly critical of the The contemporary record was set down in superlatives. Encyclopedia of Religion. An ordained … Enormous crowds gathered in eager anticipation, in churches or outdoors, in town squares or country meadows. After nearly three years of preaching in the New World, the Wesleys returned to England discouraged and dismayed by the enormity of the religious challenge abroad. Unlike Edwards, Whitefield was a British minister who moved to colonial America. George Whitefield has been called the father of mass evangelism in the Christian religion and the most widely recognized figure in America before George Washington. 21 Dec. 2020 . All rights reserved. He was born on December 16, 1714 at the Bell Inn, Gloucester, and died in Newburyport, Massachusetts on September 30, 1770. Encyclopedia of the American Revolution: Library of Military History. Published in 1994 Lambert, Frank. He was almost a phenomenon. In 1724, when Whitefield was ten, his mother married an iron seller named Longden. 21 Dec. 2020 . After a falling out with his brother's wife, Whitefield left the inn and went to Bristol, England. After another extended American visit (1744–48), he made four more colonial preaching tours (1751–52, 1754–55, 1763–65, 1769–70). In September he embarked on another tour of New England and then was off to Scotland, sparking revivals there. His youth, his histrionic ability, his beautiful voice, and a compulsive personal conviction enabled him to hold an audience with remarkable power. By showing people in widely distant places that they shared an interest in the revival of religion, he contributed to eroding the insularity and provincialism that had hitherto isolated colonial Americans. ." The next morning at six o'clock, he died. As a part of ordination process, all candidates* were required to affirm the Thirty-Nine Articles (as found in the Book of Common Prayer). □. Retrieved December 21, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/whitefield-george-0. He received financial assistance from Lady Elizabeth Hastings, who continued to support him and his causes later in life. The press gave him more space. He left a scorched earth in his wake, created by the fires of revivalism and the hot anger of those who saw only the excesses. ." ." His revivals became routine and even acceptable to society; more time was spent in quiet and pious conversations with individuals; and slaves became an object of his attention. Transatlantic Revivalist. George Whitefield is one of the most important men from the formative period of the American colonies. Worse yet, lay preachers (those who are not officially ordained) took up Whitefield's themes, proclaiming whatever views their audiences wanted to hear. ." "George Whitefield." . He apologized for his youthful egotism, which had caused religious chaos and unjustified abuse of other ministers. Some of Mr Whitefield's enemies affected to suppose that he would apply these collections to his own private emolument [gain], but I who was intimately acquainted with him (being employed in printing his sermons and journals, etc.) In public he subsumed his privately sweet and gentle personality beneath such dramatic preaching that it engendered an unearthly egoism in a man who was committed to bring salvation to all. Whitefield then returned to Georgia for a well-publicized confrontation with an Anglican group, thus keeping his name in the news. This Protestant Christian group earned the nickname "methodists" because of their emphasis on conducting their lives and religious study with "rule and method." © 2019 Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. Finally, the newspapers turned against Whitefield, running his opponents' unfavorable comments. George Whitefield (pronounced Whitfield) was closely identified with John and Charles Wesley, the founders of Methodism, until 1741 when he began to espouse Calvinistic views. Encyclopedia.com. He was famous for his preaching in … JOHN CANNON "Whitefield, George 21 Dec. 2020 . At Oxford he met John and Charles Wesley (who founded Methodism), experienced conversion, and joined their pious circle. ." Neither they nor Whitefield's own admirers, however, could discourage the twenty-three-year-old Whitefield from setting out for Georgia on the first of seven voyages to America. Evangelical preacher and leader of the Great Awakening. His criticism of the settled ministry as "unconverted" sparked the first criticism, though it did not bother the multitudes who were as clay in his hands. One of the first public, religious figures to use the press (newspapers) to his own advantage, Whitefield published his journals, sermons, and letters. Whitefield also damaged his relationship with the Wesleys by publishing an attack in 1741 upon the Arminianism evident in John Wesley's sermon "Free Grace.". He was appointed minister of Savannah, in the newly founded colony of Georgia, and in 1739 established an orphanage called Bethesda some ten miles from the city. "Pedlar in Divinity:" George Whitefield and the Transatlantic Revivals, 1737–1770. When Whitefield gave his first sermon in London a month later, the audience initially ridiculed his youthful appearance, but soon were captivated by his dramatic flair. The Oxford Companion to British History. An anonymous pamphlet spoke for many, in anti-Catholic themes that George Whitefield would later echo, when it described Catholicism as the most "destructive religion in the world; as not deeming any people worthy to live upon the earth, but the slaves of papal jurisdiction." Whitefield's five later visits were less spectacular, but none lacked extravagance and sensationalism. . . Encyclopedia.com. © 2004-2020 ReligionFacts. Whitefield sailed back to America and in February, 1739, he preached to coal miners near Bristol, Connecticut. Retrieved December 21, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/whitefield-george-1. Worldly Business No Plea for the Neglect of Religion 5 Whitefield's Sermons George Whitefield. ." In 1737 Whitefield's first published sermon was reprinted two times, and he was in constant demand as a speaker at charity events. His popularity was further enhanced by the absence of the Wesleys, who had gone to spread the word of Methodism in America. Welcomed by ministers and officials of colonies and towns, he found shops closed and business suspended during his stays, thousands of people at his heels, and many following him to the next town. of Pembroke College (2 vols., 1876-1877); and Stuart C. Henry, George Whitefield: Wayfaring Witness (1957). 21 Dec. 2020 . Encyclopedia.com. (December 21, 2020). Great Duty of Family Religion - by Rev. George Whitefield was born in the Bell Tavern, Gloucester. However, hope of a university education sent him back to his former teacher, who continued his preparation for college, and in his thirteenth year George matriculated at Pembroke College, Oxford, as a servitor. Wherever he went up and down the Atlantic coast, his reputation as a dramatic, divine messenger preceded him. After doing missionary work in Georgia, he returned to England and was ordained in 1739. The Great Duty of Family Religion. Encyclopedia.com. [Image not available for copyright reasons] b. Predestination. With the money, Whitefield built an orphanage on 500 acres of land granted to him by Georgia trustees. Consequently, Whitefield was driven outside to preach in the open air, which better suited his powerful speaking voice. He broke down walls that separated people: class, race, and religion. Lambert, Frank. Colonial America Reference Library. "Peddlar in Divinity": George Whitefield and the Transatlantic Revivals, 1737–1770. He preached the same sermons wherever he traveled, polishing them after each performance according to the reactions of his audiences. . His mother then convinced him to apply to Oxford College. His later confessions of early wickedness were probably exaggerated, but they can be understood as belonging to this setting. ." His Calvinistic theology differed from Wesley's Arminian views on unconditional election, irresistible grace, final perseverance, and nonreprobation. Retrieved December 21, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/george-whitefield. Followers of a religious movement whose definition and date of origin cannot be given with precision. ." . He was known as the "Great Itinerant" because he traveled and preached all around North … It was part of the religious ferment that swept western Europe in the latter part of the 17th century and early 18th century. He delayed his departure, however, and engaged in missionary work in western England and London for eighteen months. His unrivaled preaching ability, evangelistic fervor, and irregular methods paved the way for the Protestant … Colonial America Reference Library. Calvinist in his own theological stance, Whitefield found his greatest reception from similarly oriented denominations: Congregationalists, Presbyterians, Dutch Reformed, and (later) Baptists. His message was simple: “Repent and you will be saved.” He neither understood theology nor considered it to be important in his mission of driving people to seek salvation. Whitefield continued his evangelical tours, but in a less confrontational manner. 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