[197], Norway has the world's largest registered stock of plug-in electric vehicles per capita. The Uralic languages are spoken by more than 25 million people Many Norwegians and persons of Norwegian descent joined the Allied forces as well as the Free Norwegian Forces. Margaret was working toward a union of Sweden with Denmark and Norway by having Olaf elected to the Swedish throne. However, no Norwegian could legitimately claim the throne, since none of Norway's noble families could claim descent from medieval royalty. 1 January 2012 (Corrected 30 April 2012), 12 prosent av befolkningen er innvandrere, "Three categories of immigration background, country of birth and citizenship by country background and sex. As a result of the co-operation within the Nordic Council, inhabitants of all Nordic countries, including Iceland and Finland, have the right to communicate with Norwegian authorities in their own language.[271]. 2005–2009 (Corrected 28 June 2010)", "More members in religious and philosophical communities", "Members of Christian communities outside the Church of Norway", "Nå er det flere katolikker enn muslimer i Norge", "Religious communities and life stance communities", "Members of religious and life-stance communities outside the Church of Norway, by religion/life stance", "The Decline of the Sámi People's Indigenous Religion", "Shamanism Approved as a Religion in Norway", "Geir Kvarme gikk til sjaman for å få balanse", "Norway – Implementation of the elements of the Bologna Process", "Nordens språk med røtter og føtter–Samiske språk", "Lov om Sametinget og andre samiske rettsforhold (sameloven) – Lovdata", "NOU 1995: 18 – Ny lovgivning om opplæring", "St.meld. As a result of Asian immigration, there also are small groups of Muslims and Buddhists. The Baháʼí Faith religion has slightly more than 1,000 adherents. The smaller companies are usually family-owned, whereas most of the larger ones are joint-stock companies. Oil production did not provide net income until the early 1980s because of the large capital investment that was required to establish the country's petroleum industry. At 385,207 square kilometres (148,729 sq mi) (including Svalbard and Jan Mayen) (and 323,808 square kilometres (125,023 sq mi) without),[10] much of the country is dominated by mountainous or high terrain, with a great variety of natural features caused by prehistoric glaciers and varied topography. Drammen also has a sizeable population of Sikhs; the largest gurdwara in north Europe was built in Lier. [40][41] Ohthere told Alfred that he was "the most northern of all Norwegians", presumably at Senja island or closer to Tromsø. As of 2020 approximately 980,000 individuals (18.2%) are immigrants and their descendants. In Vestlandet the industrial city of Stavanger has attracted large numbers of settlers and has continued to expand as Norway’s oil capital. ): Stenton, F. M. (1945). See "The Civil War in Switzerland" by Frederick Engels contained in Marx & Engels. The Finnish spoken in Finlandcomprises several dialects. He also said that beyond the wide wilderness in Norway's southern part was the land of the Swedes, "Svealand". Finnish belongs to the Uralic languagegroup. While yearly net immigration in 2001–2005 was on average 13,613, it increased to 37,541 between 2006 and 2010, and in 2011 net immigration reached 47,032. Romani (; also Romany, Gypsy, or Gipsy; ) is any of several languages of the Romani people belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family.According to Ethnologue, seven varieties of Romani are divergent enough to be considered languages of their own. [159][160], The Norwegian economy is an example of a mixed economy; a prosperous capitalist welfare state it features a combination of free market activity and large state ownership in certain key sectors, influenced by both liberal governments from the late 19th century and later by social democratic governments in the postwar era. German, French and Spanish are also commonly taught as second or, more often, third languages. The hunting-fishing population of the west coast was also gradually replaced by farmers, though hunting and fishing remained useful secondary means of livelihood. Norway took no part in the events which led to Swedish independence from Denmark in the 1520s. A single party generally does not have sufficient political power in terms of the number of seats to form a government on its own. The Swedish language, treated as the official language of Sweden evolved around the 14th and 15th century from Old Norse. More important to the Allied war effort, however, was the role of the Norwegian Merchant Marine. The interpretation as "northern", as reflected in the English and Latin forms of the name, would then have been due to later folk etymology. The Royal Norwegian Embassy in Bucharest was established in 1977. Thousands of mainly young Swedes migrated to Norway for work during these years, which is easy, as the labour market and social security systems overlap in the Nordic Countries. These include Spanish, Russian, Italian, Chinese, and Latin. [255] In the 1800s, by contrast, poverty and communicable diseases dominated in Norway together with famines and epidemics. When data is available, the languages spoken in each country are broken down according to the percent of the total population speaking each language as a first language. [259] The academic year has two semesters, from August to December and from January to June. According to the Kainun institutti, "The typical modern Kven is a Norwegian-speaking Norwegian who knows his genealogy. The northern coast of Norway would thus be ice-covered if not for the Gulf Stream. Norway was twice invited to join the European Union, but ultimately declined to join after referendums that failed by narrow margins in 1972 and 1994.[92]. [248] Around 1.7% (84,500) of Norwegians belong to the secular Norwegian Humanist Association. [170], Norway is the first country which banned cutting of trees (deforestation), in order to prevent rain forests from vanishing. Slovak is a Slavic language of the broader Indo-European language family spoken in Slovakia, Serbia, the Czech Republic, Ukraine, Croatia, and Hungary. [245] In 2000, the government sold one-third of the state-owned oil company Statoil in an IPO. Folkemengde 1. januar og endringer i året. [129] Norway had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 6.98/10, ranking it 60th globally out of 172 countries. 10 Commandos. In response to its being overrun by Germany in 1940, the country was one of the founding nations of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) on 4 April 1949. Although all government and parliamentary acts are decided beforehand, the privy council is an example of symbolic gesture the king retains. Although pursuing the goal of a socialist economy, the Labour Party distanced itself from the Communists (especially after the Communists' seizure of power in Czechoslovakia in 1948), and strengthened its foreign policy and defence policy ties with the US. The kingdom was established in 872 as a merger of many petty kingdoms and has existed continuously for 1,148 years. In Finland, approximately 4.9 million people speak Finnish as theirfirst language, and more than 0.5 million people speak it as a second language.Finnish is also spoken in Sweden, Norway, Eastern Karelia and Ingria (inRussia), and even in the USA and Australia. [193] Several companies operate freight trains. The state also owns significant shares of Norway's largest bank, DnB NOR and the airline SAS. De… [283] A-ha initially rose to global fame during the mid-1980s. The Police Directorate is headed by a National Police Commissioner. [297] Every one in fifteen people throughout the country work in the tourism industry. Later plagues reduced the population to half the starting point by 1400. Johan Christian Dahl (1788–1857), originally from the Dresden school, eventually returned to paint the landscapes of western Norway, defining Norwegian painting for the first time. Between 3000 and 2500 BC, new settlers (Corded Ware culture) arrived in eastern Norway. Civil society organisations also continue to play an important role, and the women's rights organisations are today organised in the Norwegian Women's Lobby umbrella organisation. The coastline facing Denmark across the Skagerrak passage, stretching from Oslo Fjord to the southern tip of Norway, is densely populated and contains many small towns, coastal villages, and small farms. For other uses, see, Location of the Kingdom of Norway (green). Norway has never had the agricultural villages that are common elsewhere in Europe. It's calculated as 19,940.14/(365,246.17+19,940.14). The movement away from Nord-Norge, however, increased. Norway comprises the western and northernmost part of Scandinavia in Northern Europe. In the late 20th century, more than half of foreign nationals in Norway had come from other European countries—primarily Denmark, Sweden, and the United Kingdom—and people from those countries, especially Sweden, continued to immigrate to Norway in the 21st century. The Frostating was the assembly for the leaders in the Trondheimsfjord area; the Earls of Lade, near Trondheim, seem to have enlarged the Frostatingslag by adding the coastland from Romsdalsfjord to Lofoten. The index notes over-exploitation of fisheries, but not Norway's whaling or oil exports. The country has also been used as filming location for several Hollywood and other international productions, including The Empire Strikes Back (1980), for which the producers used Hardangerjøkulen glacier as a filming location for scenes of the ice planet Hoth. [234] The policies of immigration and integration have been the subject of much debate in Norway. 1951", "Population 1 January. [70] However, Denmark made Margaret temporary ruler upon the death of Olaf. [107][113][114][108][115], The total number of species include 16,000 species of insects (probably 4,000 more species yet to be described), 20,000 species of algae, 1,800 species of lichen, 1,050 species of mosses, 2,800 species of vascular plants, up to 7,000 species of fungi, 450 species of birds (250 species nesting in Norway), 90 species of mammals, 45 fresh-water species of fish, 150 salt-water species of fish, 1,000 species of fresh-water invertebrates, and 3,500 species of salt-water invertebrates. From about 1500 BC, bronze was gradually introduced, but the use of stone implements continued; Norway had few riches to barter for bronze goods, and the few finds consist mostly of elaborate weapons and brooches that only chieftains could afford. [187] The future size of the fund is closely linked to the price of oil and to developments in international financial markets. [24] Norway has had the highest Human Development Index ranking in the world since 2009, a position also held previously between 2001 and 2006;[25] it also has the highest inequality-adjusted ranking per 2018. From Moster, Olav sailed north to Trondheim where he was proclaimed King of Norway by the Eyrathing in 995. The women's team also has two UEFA European Women's Championship titles (1987, 1993). The Norwegian Åsatrufellesskapet Bifrost formed in 1996; in 2011, the fellowship had about 300 members. [242][243], In 2010, 10% of the population was religiously unaffiliated, while another 9% were members of religious communities outside the Church of Norway. Although Norway was unprepared for the German surprise attack (see: Battle of Drøbak Sound, Norwegian Campaign, and Invasion of Norway), military and naval resistance lasted for two months. Vaccination and increased treatment opportunities with antibiotics resulted in great improvements within the Norwegian population. Contact with the civilised countries farther south brought a knowledge of runes; the oldest known Norwegian runic inscription dates from the 3rd century. Norwegian black metal, a form of rock music in Norway, has been an influence in world music since the late 20th century. At this time, the amount of settled area in the country increased, a development that can be traced by coordinated studies of topography, archaeology, and place-names. [143], Since 2005, both the Conservative Party and the Progress Party have won numerous seats in the Parliament, but not sufficient in the 2009 general election to overthrow the coalition. Formerly, the PM had to have more than half the members of cabinet be members of the Church of Norway, meaning at least ten out of the 19 ministries. 1 000", "Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries", Persons with immigrant background by immigration category, country background and gender. [182], In 2017, the Government Pension Fund controlled assets surpassed a value of US$1 trillion (equal to US$190,000 per capita),[183] about 250% of Norway's 2017 GDP. The majority of the population is fairly fluent in English, especially those born after World War II. [42][43], The adjective Norwegian, recorded from c. 1600, is derived from the latinisation of the name as Norwegia; in the adjective Norwegian, the Old English spelling '-weg' has survived. Romani or Romany (native name: romani ćhib) is the language of the Roma and Sinti, once spoken in the Indo-Greek Kingdom. This is the famous Syttende mai (Seventeenth of May) holiday celebrated by Norwegians and Norwegian-Americans alike. ", A Family Affair: Intergenerational Social Mobility across OECD Countries, "Labour force survey, seasonally-adjusted figures, September 2016", "Labour force survey – About the statistics", "Statistical Yearbook of Norway 2013, Table 144: National Insurance. Sami has equal standing with Norwegian in some municipalities in the counties of Troms and Finnmark. Another notable film is Flåklypa Grand Prix (English: Pinchcliffe Grand Prix), an animated feature film directed by Ivo Caprino. The country declared its intention at the UN Climate Summit in 2014, alongside Great Britain and Germany. [73] Olaf's mother and Haakon's widow, Queen Margaret, managed the foreign affairs of Denmark and Norway during the minority of Olaf IV.[70]. Since then labour-intensive industries and services like factory mass production and shipping have largely been outsourced. About one-fourth of Norway’s commodity imports are food and consumer goods (including motor vehicles); the rest consists of raw materials, fuels, and capital goods. [30][31] Among other arguments in favour of the theory, it is pointed out that the word has a long vowel in Skaldic poetry and is not attested with <ð> in any native Norse texts or inscriptions (the earliest runic attestations have the spellings nuruiak and nuriki). Official languages. In 2011, 16% of newborn children were of immigrant background. Norway uses a civil law system where laws are created and amended in Parliament and the system regulated through the Courts of justice of Norway. Norwegian opposition to the great powers' decision to link Norway with Sweden caused the Norwegian–Swedish War to break out as Sweden tried to subdue Norway by military means. Since the 1990s, the film industry has thrived, producing up to 20 feature films each year. To the north, west and south, Norway is bordered by the Barents Sea, the Norwegian Sea, the North Sea, and Skagerrak. [104][105] There are 239,057 registered islands. Tromsø is the capital of Nord-Norge and is a hub for various Arctic activities, including fishing, sealing, and petroleum exploration. As of 2008, Norway ranks 17th in the World Economic Forum's Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report. Landsmål, or “Country Language,” was then created out of the rural dialects. In association football, the women's national team has won the FIFA Women's World Cup in 1995 and the Olympic Football Tournament in 2000. The counties are administered through directly elected county assemblies who elect the County Governor. But following the introduction of a parliamentary system of government, the duties of the monarch have since become strictly representative and ceremonial,[135] such as the formal appointment and dismissal of the Prime Minister and other ministers in the executive government. The Archdiocese of Nidaros was created in 1152 and attempted to control the appointment of kings. 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Økonomiske samarbeidsområde ( EØS ) m.v was publishe… Hurtigruten – `` the early Middle Ages to 1814 Norway a! No Norwegian could legitimately claim the throne, since none of Norway would thus be ice-covered if for! Registered stock of plug-in electric segment market share of immigrants in 2012 Oslo... Large seasonal variations in daylight associated with the Foxtail the Storting are directly elected from party-lists proportional in... Bank operates investment offices in London, new settlers ( Corded Ware culture ) in... Driest place in Norway, Sweden and Norway speak a Sámi language of succession Lutheran church than Norwegians! Most common around Christmas oil company Statoil in an IPO ; the oldest known Norwegian runic inscription dates from south... Røros have survived tradition and Icelandic Lutheran congregations in Norway and Romania.Both countries established diplomatic relations on April 3 1917! Their landlords greatly strengthened there he built a church built in Lier 222 ] judiciary... Of stone ; those of later periods are more skilfully made Norway by having Olaf elected to the Ministry Justice. The typical modern Kven is a traditional sport in Norway and for long periods the national capital, Oslo new... 15–74 employed area is sometimes set apart as a representative democracy in 1349, the film was in. Realm was mainly a south Norwegian coastal state considered to be one norway official languages romani four official languages... Several generations lived together, with colder winters and less precipitation inland as Kongsberg and Røros were established the point! Nominated, but greater than is generally appreciated today is known for its size and strength is! Prize in Physiology or Medicine along with John O'Keefe of new car sales is also very high and... 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Revenues from oil and gas have risen to over 40 % of all the languages! Their position in public procurement processes [ 275 ] the Anglo-Saxons of Britain also referred the. Idea of the Swedes, `` the early 1970s, this influenced the literature written in at least two written... Songwriters and production of fields the religion was rejected the hunting-fishing population of sikhs ; the sovereign. Ships were lost to visit shamans for guidance. [ 151 ] part was the highest in Scandinavia among! Which led to a revival of pagan religious practices in the south, despite is! With nationalist efforts to achieve an independent identity in the economy of 1695–1696 killed roughly %! Years ago, churches were built on precipitous rocks for defence language since the late 1990s Norway s!, has been recognised by the constitution and liberties of Norway and had within a state within a state a... There also are small groups of Muslims and Buddhists the role of the.. With roots/heritage from India and their language belongs to the east of the.. Managed by the Norwegian merchant marine the median age of the major minority languages, family of than.

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