Benedict has written a total of 66 books. We strive for accuracy and fairness. Pope Benedict has stated that he chose his papal name to honor both Saint Benedict, the patron saint of Europe, and Pope Benedict XV, who, as pope during World War I, worked tirelessly to end the war. Select from premium Pope Benedict Xvi of the highest quality. He deserted in April of that year and was captured by American forces and held prisoner for a brief period. Ratzinger’s father was a policeman and his mother a hotel cook. On Dec. 25, 2007, Pope Benedict XVI revealed a new-style nativity scene in the Vatican's St. Peter's Square. In March 1977 Ratzinger was appointed archbishop of Munich and Freising by Paul VI, who bestowed the cardinal’s hat on him three months later. Benedict walked through the doorway right after Francis, gingerly negotiating the two steps with the help of a cane and his longtime assistant. Omissions? On November 25, 1981, he was made prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith by his friend Pope John Paul II (1978–2005), whom he had known well since 1977. Please select which sections you would like to print: Corrections? One of the more progressive figures at the council, Ratzinger opposed those who hoped to limit reform. ANGELUS . He became the first pope to resign since Pope … In 2010, allegations of sexual and physical abuse by parish priests and in parochial schools — particularly in Germany, Ireland and the United States — brought Benedict, and his role in the cases in Germany in particular, under close media scrutiny. His father was a determined anti-Nazi, Ratzinger wrote. In one statement, the pope explained, "I have come to the certainty that my strengths, due to an advanced age, are no longer suited to an adequate exercise." In 1972, Ratzinger helped found the theological journal Communio, which became one of the most important journals of Catholic thought. He was captured by American soldiers and held as a prisoner of war for several months. Benedict XVI $4.19 - $4.99. Two years later, he earned his doctorate at the University of Munich. Louis XVI was the last king of France (1774–92) in the line of Bourbon monarchs preceding the French Revolution of 1789. Getty Pope Benedict XVI waves to pilgrims, for the last time as head of the Catholic Church in 2013. Although he said he had prayed not to be chosen, Ratzinger humbly accepted his election on April 19, 2005, becoming at age 78 the oldest newly elected pope since Clement XII (1730–40). Ratzinger was elevated to the papacy on April 19, 2005, upon the death of Pope John Paul II, and celebrated his Papal Inauguration Mass five days later. For more than two decades, Ratzinger was the pope’s closest adviser. The Vatican also denounced as “false and calumnious” the charge that as prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith Benedict had been responsible for a policy of covering up cases of sexual abuse, declaring that his handling of the cases showed “wisdom and firmness.”. In 1943, Ratzinger and fellow seminarians were drafted into the anti-aircraft corps. Benedict also indicated that he would maintain his predecessor’s conservative orthodoxy on matters of sexuality, priestly celibacy, and ecclesiastical organization. One of Benedict's final acts as a pope was a tweet to his Twitter following. In February 2013 Benedict announced that he would resign at the end of that month, citing age and health concerns. He issued new guidelines allowing greater use of the Latin mass—the order of the mass used before the reforms of the Second Vatican Council—and he published the encyclicals Deus caritas est (2005; “God Is Love”) and Spe salvi (2007; “Saved by Hope”). He will continue to be known as Benedict XVI in his retirement and has been given the title of pope emeritus. Max Weber was a 19th-century German sociologist and one of the founders of modern sociology. Benedict XV was Pope from 1914-1922, so it's curious that the resignation came at the eight year mark of 2005-2013. He was also recognized for his humility and gentleness as well as for his many talents; he spoke several languages and was an accomplished pianist, with a particular fondness for Mozart. In February 2013, at the age of 85, Pope Benedict XVI announced that he would be resigning on February 28, 2013 — becoming the first pope in centuries to step down from his post. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. The New York Times bestselling final volume in the Pope’s Jesus of Nazareth series, detailing how the stories of Jesus’ infancy and childhood are as relevant today as they were two thousand years ago. Former pope Benedict XVI reported to be seriously ill. Ex-pontiff, 93, has shingles after being in poor health for some time, says German newspaper Published: 3 Aug 2020 . For more than a quarter of a century, Peter Seewald (1954) has accompanied Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger/Benedict XVI, the first pope emeritus in centuries. During his long academic career, Ratzinger wrote a number of important theological works, including Introduction to Christianity (1968) and Dogma and Revelation (1973). He was viewed as a reformer during this time. He is the first pope from the Americas. Ratzinger entered preparatory seminary in 1939. St Peter's Square Sunday, 16 November 2008 . Benedict stayed there while renovations were made to a convent, Mater Ecclesiae, in the southwest corner of Vatican City, which became his residence. In February 2013, Benedict XVI resigned from his position as pope. "Unemployment was rife," he wrote in his memoir, Milestones. Prior to his election as pope, Benedict led a distinguished career as a theologian and as prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. AKA Joseph Alois Ratzinger. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. In March 1977, he was named archbishop of Munich and Freising and, three months later, was named a cardinal by Pope Paul VI. That same year, to foster relations and understanding between religions, Benedict addressed the first Catholic-Muslim Forum, a three-day conference of Catholic theologians and Islamic scholars. Benedict XVI served as pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 2005 to 2013. Quotations by Pope Benedict XVI, German Clergyman, Born April 16, 1927. The student protests and denunciations of Christianity that he witnessed while teaching at Tübingen reminded him of the tactics of the Nazis and gradually led him to adopt a more conservative theological perspective. Joseph Ratzinger was elected "Pope" Benedict XVI. Pope Benedict XVI was born Joseph Ratzinger on April 16, 1927, in Marktl am Inn, Bavaria, Germany, the youngest of three children. He wrote 'The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism' in 1905. Benedict XVI $4.19 - $14.56. Benedict XVI $3.99 - $15.73. Find the perfect Pope Benedict Xvi stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Traveling by helicopter, he departed the Vatican for the summer papal residence in Castel Gandolfo, Italy. Ratzinger returned to the seminary at the University of Munich in the fall of 1945 and was ordained a priest in 1951. He contributed to a document that severely criticized the Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office and that eventually led to its reorganization by Pope Paul VI (1963–78) as the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. News about Pope Benedict XVI, including commentary and archival articles published in The New York Times. Benedict XVI shocked the world in February when he became the first pope to resign in almost 600 years. The pope and his prefect shared a similar history, both having lived under totalitarian regimes, and their views concerning the church were substantially the same. Americas. But attention shifted quickly to the succession, and the election of the new Pope… Americas. Pope Benedict XVI grew up under war reparations from World War I, as the Nazi regime was gaining power. His papacy faced several challenges, including the effects of the scandal beginning in the late 1990s surrounding the church’s handling of sexual abuse by priests. It depicted Jesus' birth in Joseph's house. Despite his reputation, even his harshest critics recognized his intelligence and his ability to discuss controversial matters in an objective and disinterested spirit. The Pope is a unique celebrity. Glaube - Wahrheit - Toleranz. His choice of the name Benedict XVI recalled St. Benedict of Nursia, the patron saint of Europe and the founder of Western monasticism, as well as earlier popes of the same name, including Benedict XV (1914–22), who sought to mediate between the belligerents during World War I. Benedict XVI immediately took steps to continue John Paul’s dialogue with Judaism and Islam and with other Christian churches. According to several media reports, Benedict's decision centered on his old age, and physical and mental weakness. Ratzinger entered the seminary in 1939. 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