[33] Next day, an escaped Russian prisoner of war, reported that 2,000 prisoners were working on concrete dug-outs near St Quentin. [52], The Riegel I Stellung was abandoned north of the Ancre, along with part of the Riegel II Stellung near its junction with Riegel I Stellung at Bapaume, which was also abandoned while many houses were still on fire. The position had two trenches about 200 yd (180 m) apart, with sentry garrisons to occupy the front trench. [60], On 17 March Haig and the British army commanders met and discussed the effect of the German retirement. A number of devices with such fuzes were planted in bunkers but most booby-traps had simple pressure detonators. The Hindenburg Line was attacked several times in 1917, notably at St Quentin, Bullecourt, the Aisne and Cambrai and was broken in September 1918 during the Hundred Days Offensive. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hindenburg-Line. The attack was repulsed with 331 casualties and an advance on Ecoust and Croisilles by infantry of the 18th (Eastern) Division with cavalry and artillery on the flanks was repulsed by fire from about fifteen machine-guns and six field guns; Gough ordered that attacks on the German outpost line were to stop until more artillery was available. A thaw set in on 16 February, which, with the Germans alerted to the attack by a deserter, led to the attack on the south bank advancing only 1,000 yd (910 m) at most and to the capture Boom Ravine (Baum Mulde). British preparations for the attack at Arras were to proceed, with a watch kept for a possible German attack in Flanders and preparations for the attack on Messines Ridge were to continue. Rupprecht refused to delay implementation of Operation Alberich (the Alberich Bewegung) but having inspected the Siegfriedstellung (Hindenburg Line) on 27 February, sanctioned the 1st Army proposal and provided three divisions and 15,000 labourers for the new construction, which turned the Siegfriedstellung (Hindenburg Line) into the Siegfried I Stellung. The troubled transport situation behind the British front, which had been caused by mounting difficulties on the Nord railways, overloading and the thaw on roads made British supply problems worse. [34], On 2 January, Nivelle instructed the Aéronautique Militaire to co-operate with the British to investigate German defensive systems that spies and repatriated civilians had reported. French troops south of the British Fourth Army were freed to join the strategic reserve by an extension of the British front, to just north Roye on the Avre facing St Quentin, which was complete by 26 February. The Internatioanl boundary line between two pieces of property. On 9 April the Fourth Army began a bombardment of the Hindenburg Line, with such heavy artillery that was in range, as the Third and First armies began the offensive at Arras to the north. Drawn up by General Mannerheim. This land border was built by German army during World War I in 1917. 17. And boundaries between different countries are named in accordance with treaties, agreements or historically important facts. Marginal Line was the 320 km line of fortification on the Russia-Finland border. Siegfried Line East is the boundary line between which two Countries? [25][b] The building works absorbed most of the cement, sand and gravel production of occupied France and Belgium plus that of west Germany. Flooding in Tincourt-Boucly, April 1917. A party at Vaulx Vraucourt was surprised (while some were shaving) and driven back to Lagnicourt. (a) Boundary line between South Korea and North Korea (b) Boundary line between India and Pakistan (c) Boundary line between Canada and United States of America. Faced with substantial numerical inferiority and a dwindling firepower advantage, the new German commanders, Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg and Gen. Erich Ludendorff, shortened their lines and installed … Drawn up by … A final German counter-attack was made to recapture all of Bullecourt and the Hindenburg trenches on 15 May. Mannerheim Line: Europe: Boundary between … Work began on another defensive position in the autumn of 1917, with the original Hindenburg Line as its front-trench system. [13][14] Another front in the west was to be opened by the resumption of air attacks on Britain. [77], Beach concluded that evidence of German intentions had been collected by air reconnaissance, spy reports and debriefings of refugees and escaped prisoners of war but that German deception measures made information gleaned from intermittent air reconnaissance during the frequent bad flying weather over the winter appear unremarkable. The Hindenburg Line is the boundary dividing Germany and Poland. The German retirement was so swift and the amount of artillery fire was so small, that telephone wires were cut far less frequently than expected. The Germans retreated to this line in 1917 during World War I Mason-Dixon Line is a line of demarcation between four states in the United State. Even with the expansion of the German army over the winter and the transfer of divisions from Russia, 154 German divisions the Western Front were confronted by 190 French, British and Belgian divisions, many of which were bigger than the German equivalents. Ludendorff rejected the proposal next day but British attacks on the 1st Army, particularly the Action of Miraumont/Battle of Boom Ravine (17–18 February), caused Rupprecht on the night of 22 February, to order a preliminary withdrawal of about 4 mi (6.4 km) between Essarts and Le Transloy to Riegel I Stellung. [8], To meet existing demand and to feed new weapons, Hindenburg and Ludendorff wanted a big increase in propellant output to 12,000 long tons (12,000 t) a month. Which of the following is the Polish-Russian frontier setup in 1945? [92], The accuracy of Great War casualty statistics is disputed. [7], The men for the divisions created by Falkenhayn had come from reducing square divisions with four infantry regiments to triangular divisions with three regiments, rather than a net increase in the number of men in the army. Production did not sufficiently increase over the winter, with only 60 per cent of the programme expected to be fulfilled by the summer of 1917. The German outpost villages from Doignies to Croisilles were captured on 2 April and an attack on a 3,500 yd (2.0 mi; 3.2 km) front, with Bullecourt in the centre was planned. Which one is a boundary line between Finland and Russia? A bigger British attack began on 17 February, to capture Hill 130 and gain observation over Miraumont and the German artillery positions behind Serre. (a) Hindenburg Line (b) Curzon Line (c) Green Line … Hindenburg Line: Hindenburg Line is the boundary dividing Germany and Poland. General Franchet d'Espérey proposed an improvised offensive to Nivelle, who rejected the idea, in favour of strengthening the main French front on the Aisne. * Mason-Dixon Line is a line of demarcation between four states in the United State. d) Hindenburg Line. List of important boundary lines. It was established after an 1893 memorandum of understanding (MoU) between Mortimer Durand of British India and Afghan Amir Abdur Rahman Khan. News of the first German retirements led the army group commander, General Franchet d'Espérey to advocate an attempt to surprise the Germans and force them to retreat prematurely. It is the Boundary Between Germany & Poland. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The Hindenburg Line is the boundary dividing Germany and Poland. The boundary of the Fourth Army and French Third Army was set from south of Nesle, through Offroy to St Quentin. Next day, German rear guards inflicted 174 casualties on Australian troops near Loupart Wood and forced British troops back out of Irles with artillery-fire. The boundary line between … Hindenburg Line: It is the boundary dividing Germany and Poland. The attacks were to be made on the broadest possible fronts and advance deep enough to threaten German artillery positions. The British sent 378 tanks to roll through the Siegfriedstellung (Hindenburg Line) barbed-wire fields, as a substitute for a long wire-cutting bombardment and the ground assault was accompanied by a large number of ground-attack aircraft. (a) Hindenburg Line (b) Curzon Line (c) Green Line (d) Plimsoll Line Show Answer (b) Curzon Line. [59] GAN had been on ten-day's notice to attack (about fourteen days before Groupe d'armées du Centre (GAC) attacked on the Aisne) between the Oise and Avre rivers. German withdrawal from the Bapaume and Noyon Salients. • Boundary Lines: The Hindenburg Line was a German defensive post built during the winter of 1916-1917 on the western front during World War I. Durand Line is the line demarcating the boundaries of … On 5 September, proposals for a new shorter defensive position to be built in France were requested from the commanders of the western armies, who met Hindenburg and Ludendorff at Cambrai on 8 September. [22], German reconnaissance aircraft surveyed all of the Western Front over the winter of 1916–1917 to look for signs Anglo-French offensive preparations. Information that the Germans were burning villages behind the Hindenburg Line, led Gough to order II Corps and V Corps and the Lucknow Cavalry Brigade to advance vigorously on 19 March, with the support of the reinforced mobile columns to Ecoust St Mein, Croisilles, Lagnicourt and Hénin sur Cojeul. Heudicourt, Sorel and Fins were lost on 30 March. Riegel I Stellung was abandoned by 18 March and next day Boyelles and Boiry Becquerelle were evacuated. Unrestricted submarine warfare caused the United States to declare war on 6 April and failed to isolate Britain from its overseas sources of supply. An attempt at a swifter pursuit by French cavalry and cyclists on 22 March failed, when they were forced back over the Crozat canal by a German counter-attack, with many casualties. On some roads, heavy-artillery shells were buried with contact-fuzes, which would only be triggered by the weight of a lorry. [82] In April 1917, an analysis by II Corps had found that patrols coming under fire had stopped to report, ground of tactical importance had been ignored by patrols that had returned to British lines, forfeiting opportunities to force German withdrawals and artillery had been reluctant to push forward. Divisions from the Fourth Army had been moved south, to take over former French positions and I Anzac Corps had been transferred to the Fifth Army to compensate for divisions sent north to the Third Army by 6 February, which left the Anglo-French forces in the area depleted. • Boundary Lines: The Hindenburg Line was a German defensive post built during the winter of 1916-1917 on the western front during World War I. After this period, information from prisoners and the evidence of German demolitions, indicated that a longer retirement was planned but the existence of three German reserve lines 5–6 mi (8.0–9.7 km) behind the front line, made a local German retirement seem more likely than a longer one. From 1 to 6 June violent resistance increased, possibly six people being killed by mutineers, which threatened the battle-worthiness of the French armies, before order slowly returned by the end of June. Drawn up by General … General von Hoen and Colonel Fritz von Lossberg the 1st Army Chief of Staff issued a memorandum, Erfahrungen der I Armee in der Sommeschlacht (Experience of the German 1st Army in the Somme Battles) on 30 January 1917. Within the new forward zones, battlezones and rearward battle zones, the chain of command was streamlined by making corps headquarters into Gruppen (groups), responsible for the administrative tasks in an area into which divisions would be moved for periods, before being withdrawn to rest, train and be brought up to strength. Deliberate attacks were mounted in early April to take Holnon Wood, Savy (where the German garrison had to be overwhelmed by house-to-house fighting), Holnon, Sélency (including six German field guns) and Francilly Sélency. [65], By 1 April, the British and French were ready to begin operations against outpost villages, still occupied by the Germans, west of the Hindenburg Line. Durand Line: Afghanistan & Pakistan Hindenburg Line: Germany & Poland. [54], A large counter-attack was mounted on the French front on 22 March, which forced French cavalry and cyclists back over the Crozat Canal with many casualties but began too soon to ambush a large force that included artillery, as had been intended. The Hindenburg Line. A bridge over the canal near Péronne was built by surveying the ground on the night of 15 March, towing pontoons up river the next night, building beginning at dawn on 17 March and the 60 ft (18 m) pontoon being ready by noon. The Germans retreated to this line in 1917 during World War I. In, German defensive preparations in early 1917, Operations on the Ancre, January–March 1917, First attack on Bullecourt, 11 April 1917, Second Battle of Bullecourt, 3–17 May 1917, Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918, The German Retreat and the Battle of Arras, Imperial War Museum, The Hindenburg Line: The Apotheosis of German Fortifications on the Western Front in the Great War westernfront co uk. Successive attacks in a methodical battle were dropped and continuous thrusts were substituted, to deprive the Germans of time to reinforce and strengthen their defences. Existing operations were to continue over the winter, fresh troops arriving in front-line units were to be trained and in the spring the front of attack was to be broadened, from the Somme to Arras and the Oise. Command of areas rather than units was also introduced in divisions, with command of regiments devolved to the front battalion commander (KTK Kampftruppenkommandeur), which reduced the chain of command from five to two posts. Another two-trench system (Siegfried II Stellung) was planned near the artillery reserve positions, which were about 3,000 yd (1.7 mi; 2.7 km) behind the existing battery positions, to be built as soon as labour became available. When French troops entered Lassigny they caused a traffic jam and vehicles that tried to skirt the jam bogged in mud. 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