Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. WebWe meet bi-monthly in Frederick, Maryland and have members who live in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, & West Virginia. Dr. Edward Stonestreet of Rockville served as Montgomery County Examining Surgeon in 1862, performing physical examinations on local Union Army recruits and draftees. Camp Hoffman (1 During the early summer of 1861, several thousand Marylanders crossed the Potomac to join the Confederate Army. Because Maryland had not seceded from the United States the state was not included under the Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863, which declared that all enslaved people within the Confederacy would henceforth be free. [59], On 6 September 1862 advancing Confederate soldiers entered Frederick, Maryland, the home of Colonel Bradley T. Johnson, who issued a proclamation calling upon his fellow Marylanders to join his colors. For more than three years - May 1862 through July 1865 - Union soldiers lived, worked, and played on Maryland Heights. For the next two days, Stuarts cavalry engaged in several actions that would, in varying degrees, hinder and delay their movement north to join the Confederate forces in Pennsylvania. The song's lyrics urged Marylanders to "spurn the Northern scum" and "burst the tyrant's chain" in other words, to secede from the Union. The Battle of Monocacy was fought on July 9, just outside Frederick, as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864. Baltimore boasted a monument to Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson[81] until they were taken down on August 16, 2017. Maryland Forts: page 3 - North American Forts As one Massachusetts regiment was transferred between stations on April 19, a mob of Marylanders sympathizing with the South, or objecting to the use of federal troops against the seceding states, attacked the train cars and blocked the route; some began throwing cobblestones and bricks at the troops, assaulting them with "shouts and stones". During the American Civil War (18611865), Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. Elmira Prison, also known as "Hellmira," opened in July of 1864. Overcrowding brutalized camp conditions in many ways. In that time, the number of men packing onto the tiny island grew to more than 30,000 men. August 17 Union troops withdraw from the town to the Maryland shore. While it emancipated the state's slaves, it did not mean equality for them, in part because the franchise continued to be restricted to white males. Those who voted for Maryland to remain in the Union did not explicitly seek for the emancipation of Maryland's many enslaved people, or indeed those of the Confederacy. This presentation, based on the speakers 2009 book Send for the Doctor, is available as a first person portrayal of Dr. Stonestreet or as a PowerPoint slide show. or "The South shall be free!" [40], In another controversial arrest that fall, and in further defiance of Chief Justice Taney's ruling, a sitting U.S. Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. On June 28, 1863, Confederate General J.E.B Stuart and his three cavalry brigades crossed the Potomac River and arrived in Montgomery County. Because Maryland's sympathies were divided, many Marylanders would fight one another during the conflict. [25] Butler then sent a letter to the commander of Fort McHenry: I have taken possession of Baltimore. The right to vote was eventually extended to non-white males in the Maryland Constitution of 1867, which remains in effect today. If they were lucky, several men could be crammed into thin canvas tents, but most were forced to construct their own drafty shelters. Belle Isle operated from 1862 to 1865. How many were citizens of Maryland when they enlisted does not appear. [47], Captain Bradley T. Johnson refused the offer of the Virginians to join a Virginia Regiment, insisting that Maryland should be represented independently in the Confederate army. [29] Civil authority in Baltimore was swiftly withdrawn from all those who had not been steadfastly in favor of the Federal Government's emergency measures.[30]. Named Camp Hoffman probably after William A. Hoffman, commissioner-general of prisoners. Harris (2011) pp. During this period in spring 1861, Baltimore Mayor Brown,[31] the city council, the police commissioner, and the entire Board of Police were arrested and imprisoned at Fort McHenry without charges. Prisoner of War Camps One prisoner in seven died, for a total of 4,200 deaths by 1865. Point Lookout Confederate Cemetery--Civil War Era National 51-52. The Confederacy opened Salisbury Prison, converted from a robustly constructed cotton mill, in 1861. 3. Some witnesses said he shouted "The South is avenged! George P. McClelland served with the 155th Pennsylvania Infantry, Army of the Potomac, from August 1862 to his discharge in June 1865. Maryland had ratified the Thirteenth Amendment on February 3, 1865, within three days of it being submitted to the states. Civil War Prison Camp in Maryland - Rebekah Colburn Colonel Mobley: 7th Maryland Volunteer Infantry in the Civil War By Justin T. Mayhew 168 pages Self-published Softcover (available through the author: 301-331-2449) Fresh Insights into Civil War Prison Camps. Web18CH305 Introduction Camp Stanton describes the US Colored Troop Civil War military encampment on the Patuxent River in Charles County, Maryland. To serve as early warning stations on bluffs overlooking the Potomac, Union troops built a series of blockhouses. Every purchase supports the mission. WebCivil War Campsites in Maryland C&O Canal Campgrounds. At its peak, over 20,000 Confederate soldiers occupied Point Lookout at any given time, more than double its intended occupancy. Governor Thomas H. Hicks, despite his early sympathies for the South, helped prevent the state from seceding. [74] Article 24 of the constitution at last outlawed the practice of slavery. Robert H. Kellog was 20 years old when he walked through the gates of Andersonville prison. The battlefield medical care offered to Americas military today has its roots firmly planted in the innovative medical care of the American Civil War. Suitable for adults and young adults. Harpers Ferry is not occupied by either side again until February 1862. [58], Among the prisoners captured by William Goldsborough was his own brother Charles Goldsborough. One notable Maryland front line regiment was the 2nd Maryland Infantry, which saw considerable combat action in the Union IX Corps. Abolition of slavery in Maryland came before the end of the war, with a new third constitution voted approval in 1864 by a small majority of Radical Republican Unionists then controlling the nominally Democratic state. Col. Hoffman forced Confederate prisoners to sleep outside in the open while furnishing them with little to no shelter. Harpers Ferry and the Civil War Chronology [14], Hearing no immediate reply from Washington, on the evening of April 19 Governor Hicks and Mayor Brown ordered the destruction of railroad bridges leading into the city from the North, preventing further incursions by Union soldiers. WebBetween 1861 and 1865, American Civil War prison camps were operated by the Union Civil War Between 1861 and 1865, some 29 Union regiments from 13 states stationed at Muddy Branch guarded the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and the Potomac River crossings in the general area between Seneca and Pennyfield Locks. The Aftermath of Battle; All the Fighting They There were simply too many prisoners and not enough food, clothing, medicine, or tents to go around. While they often wrote frankly of the carnage wrought by bullets smashing limbs and grapeshot tearing ragged holes through advancing lines, many soldiers described their prisoner of war experiences as a more heinous undertaking altogether. Monocacy was a tactical victory for the Confederate States Army but a strategic defeat, as the one-day delay inflicted on the attacking Confederates cost rebel General Jubal Early his chance to capture the Union capital of Washington, D.C. Across the state, some 50,000 citizens signed up for the military, with most joining the United States Army. WebOfficially named Camp Hoffman, the 40-acre prison compound was established north of Lucius Eugene Chittenden, U.S. Treasurer during the Lincoln Administration, described the dreadful and horrifying conditions Union soldiers found at Belle Isle: "In a semi-state of nuditylaboring under such diseases as chronic diarrhea, scurvy, frost bites, general debility, caused by starvation, neglect and exposure, many of them had partially lost their reason, forgetting even the date of their capture, and everything connected with their antecedent history. Lastly, Stuarts army captured and controlled a large Union wagon train laden with supplies, which became a significant impediment to Stuarts expeditious travel onward to Pennsylvania. In June 1863 General Lee's army again advanced north into Maryland, taking the war into Union territory for the second time. The document, which replaced the Maryland Constitution of 1851, was largely advocated by Unionists who had secured control of the state, and was framed by a Convention which met at Annapolis in April 1864. Commandants purposely cut ration sizes and quality for personal profit, leading to illness, scurvy, and starvation. Despite the controversy, there can be little doubt that Andersonville was the Civil War's most infamous and deadly prison camp. Alton Federal Prison, originally a civilian criminal prison, also exhibited the same sort of horrifying conditions brought on by overcrowding. [1] Culturally, geographically and economically, Maryland found herself neither one thing nor another, a unique blend of Southern agrarianism and Northern mercantilism. [84] Easton, Maryland also has a Confederate monument. camp After Atlanta fell to Union forces in September 1864, Confederates forces scrabbled to scatter the 30,000 Union soldiers imprisoned at Andersonville Prison in Macon County, Georgia. [38][39], The following month in November 1861, Judge Richard Bennett Carmichael, a presiding state circuit court judge in Maryland, was imprisoned without charge for releasing, due to his concern that arrests were arbitrary and civil liberties had been violated, many of the southern sympathizers seized in his jurisdiction. [citation needed], The first bloodshed of the Civil War occurred in Maryland. [12] Chaos ensued as a giant brawl began between fleeing soldiers, the violent mob, and the Baltimore police who tried to suppress the violence. WebCamp Hoffman (1) (1863-1865) - A Union U.S. Civil War prison camp established in 1863 on Point Lookout, Saint Mary's County, Maryland. Prisoners at Andersonville also made matters worse for themselves by relieving themselves where they gathered their drinking water, resulting in widespread outbreaks of disease, and by forming into gangs for the purpose of beating or murdering weaker men for food, supplies, and booty. Fearing that Union forces could cause a jailbreak at Andersonville, a new Union POW camp was established in Florence, South Carolina. It is located along the coast of Maryland only five feet above sea level, on approximately 30 acres of level land. This Civil War presentation will use a life-sized mannequin dressed as a wounded Civil War soldier to discuss and demonstrate some Civil War-era (1860s) battlefield medical procedures and techniques. Civil War era Rare Officer's Traveling Inkwell with $40.00 + $5.80 shipping. The 120 or so Union soldiers interned there were fed meager yet adequate rations, sanitation was passable, shielding from the elements was provided, and the prisoners were even allowed to play recreational games such as baseball. On May 13, 1861 General Benjamin F. Butler entered Baltimore by rail with 1,000 Federal soldiers and, under cover of a thunderstorm, quietly took possession of Federal Hill. Real and reproduction Civil War-era medical instruments will be shown and used, along with a variety of Civil War-era bullets, Minie balls, grape shot, buck shot, clusters, and other slugs (all inert, safe, and with no gun powder) that created many of the battlefield wounds that the surgeons had to treat. camp WebMaryland's Civil War Trails Base Camp. WebJuly 4 First civilian death occurs in Harpers Ferry when businessman Frederick Roeder is shot by a Union soldier on Maryland Heights. Maryland While Union forces were able to gain control of the mountain, they could not stop Lee from regrouping and setting the [51], A similar situation existed in relation to Marylanders serving in the United States Colored Troops. On the night of June 27, 1863, Confederate General J.E.B. While other men born in Maryland may have served in other Confederate formations, the same is true of units in the service of the United States. Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! WebThe Heart of the Civil War Heritage Area is ideally positioned to serve as your "base camp" for driving the popular Civil War Trails and visiting the battlefields and sites of Antietam, Gettysburg, Monocacy, South Mountain, Harpers Ferry, Baltimore and Washington, D.C. Hardened veterans, scarcely strangers to the sting of battle, nevertheless found themselves ill-prepared for the horror and despondency awaiting them inside Civil War prison camps. In the depths of Georgia, they discovered that their hardships were far from over: "As we entered the place, a spectacle met our eyes that almost froze our blood with horrorbefore us were forms that had once been active and erectstalwart men, now nothing but mere walking skeletons, covered with filth and verminMany of our men exclaimed with earnestness, 'Can this be hell?'". As the Sesquicentennial of the Civil War continues, discover Marylands authentic stories through one WebOver the nine years (1933 - 1942) the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) operated in Maryland , there was an average of twenty-one CCC Camps in the state and any given time, with 15 of these camps sponsored by the State Board of Forestry and located in State Forests and State Parks. WebDuring the Civil War Era, Point Lookout was first a hospital for wounded Union soldiers and then a Civil War prison camp for captured Confederate soldiers. Two said Booth yelled "I have done it!" However, a number of leading citizens, including physician and slaveholder Richard Sprigg Steuart, placed considerable pressure on Governor Hicks to summon the state Legislature to vote on secession, following Hicks to Annapolis with a number of fellow citizens: to insist on his [Hicks] issuing his proclamation for the Legislature to convene, believing that this body (and not himself and his party) should decide the fate of our stateif the Governor and his party continued to refuse this demand that it would be necessary to depose him. The Maryland General Assembly convened in Frederick and unanimously adopted a measure stating that they would not commit the state to secession, explaining that they had "no constitutional authority to take such action,"[19] whatever their own personal feelings might have been. The lack of substantial and adequate shelter compounded the prisoners' plight on Belle Isle and increased the amount of death and suffering brought on by disease and exposure. The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. "[79]:48 Others thought they heard him say "Revenge for the South!" Maryland exile George H. Steuart, leading the 2nd Maryland Infantry regiment, is said to have jumped down from his horse, kissed his native soil and stood on his head in jubilation. [71], The state capital Annapolis's western suburb of Parole became a camp where prisoners-of-war would await formal exchange in the early years of the war. In this case U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice, and native Marylander, Roger B. Taney, acting as a federal circuit court judge, ruled that the arrest of Merryman was unconstitutional without Congressional authorization, which Lincoln could not then secure: The President, under the Constitution and laws of the United States, cannot suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, nor authorize any military officer to do so. Civil War veterans did it differently. $199.99 + $17.99 shipping. WebConfederate prisoners of war who secured their release from prison by enlisting in the Union Army, were recruited: Alton, Illinois (rolls 1320); Camp Douglas, Illinois (rolls 5364); Camp Morton, Illinois (rolls 99103); Point Lookout, Maryland (rolls 111129); and Rock Island, Illinois (rolls 131135.) Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. Confederate States presidential election of 1861, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maryland_in_the_American_Civil_War&oldid=1142195385, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2012, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Scharf, J. Thomas (1967 (reissue of 1879 ed.)). However, Wallace delayed Early for nearly a full day, buying enough time for Ulysses S. Grant to send reinforcements from the Army of the Potomac to the Washington defenses. Andersonville was more than eight times over-capacity at its peak. On September 17, 1861, the first day of the Maryland legislature's new session, fully one third of the members of the Maryland General Assembly were arrested, due to federal concerns that the Assembly "would aid the anticipated rebel invasion and would attempt to take the state out of the Union. A further 3,925 Marylanders, not differentiated by race, served as sailors or marines. civil War original matches. I therefore hope and trust and most earnestly request that no more troops be permitted or ordered by the Government to pass through the city. He also served two terms as Acting Assistant Surgeon with the Union Army. Join Our Email List Howard described these events in his 1863 book Fourteen Months in American Bastiles, where he noted that he was imprisoned in Fort McHenry, the same fort where the Star Spangled Banner had been waving "o'er the land of the free" in his grandfather's song. WebThe Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System currently includes information about two Civil WebCivil War camps on the "EASTERN SHORE" of MARYLAND. He goes about from place to place, sometimes staying in one county, sometimes in another and then passing a few days in the city. In addition to Forts McHenry and Carroll, these included: Fort #1/2 (1864) at West Baltimore and Smallwood Streets. [3][32] One of those arrested was militia captain John Merryman, who was held without trial in defiance of a writ of habeas corpus on May 25, sparking the case of Ex parte Merryman, heard just 2 days later on May 27 and 28. Civil War camps on the "EASTERN SHORE" of MARYLAND. Whether this was due to local sympathy with the Union cause or the generally ragged state of the Confederate army, many of whom had no shoes, is not clear. American Civil War prison camps - Wikipedia July 21 Union troops occupy Harpers Ferry. This is a PowerPoint presentation. Camp Douglas originally served as a training facility for Illinois regiments, but was later converted to a prison camp. The War of the Rebellion, Series III, Volume 4, pp. There was much less appetite for secession than elsewhere in the Southern States (South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Alabama Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas, Tennessee) or in the border states (Kentucky and Missouri),[2] but Maryland was equally unsympathetic towards the potentially abolitionist position of Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln. He has been concealed for more than six months. ", Schearer, Michael. This presentation, based on the speakers 2009 book, 2023 Montgomery County History Conference, African American History in Montgomery County, Stonestreet Museum of 19th Century Medicine. Visit the battlefields & sites of Antietam, Gettysburg, Monocacy, South Mountain, Harpers Ferry, Baltimore & Washington, DC. [45] Among them were members of the former volunteer militia unit, the Maryland Guard Battalion, initially formed in Baltimore in 1859. In addition to the high frequency of scurvy, many prisoners endured intense bouts of dysentery which further weakened their frail bodies. In the 14 months of its existence, 45,000 prisoners were received at Andersonville prison, and of these nearly 13,000 died. He also served two terms as Acting Assistant Surgeon with the Union Army. Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. After the war, numerous Union soldiers noted the poor, hastily prepared shelters in the camp, the lack of food, and the high death rate. [82] A home for retired Confederate soldiers in Pikesville, Maryland opened in 1888 and did not close until 1932. The Confederate General A. P. Hill described, the most terrible slaughter that this war has yet witnessed. Lincoln had wished to issue his proclamation earlier, but needed a military victory in order for his proclamation not to become self-defeating. My father was the neighborhood air raid warden. In some instances, however, simple error and ignorance devolved into treachery and malicious intent, culminating in tragic losses of human life. In 1864, before the end of the War, a constitutional convention outlawed slavery in Maryland. Rockville, Maryland in the Civil War Speaker: Eileen McGuckian, As a small county seat located at the intersection of major roads in a slave-holding border state close the nations capital, Rockville saw considerable action during the Civil War. Maryland By October of 1864, the number of Union prisoners inside Salisbury swelled to more than 5,000 men, and within a few more months that number skyrocketed to more than 10,000.

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